较难的定语从句(than whom a kinder son does not exist)
2024-11-26 18:47:14 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
He is her son,than whom a kinder son does not exist.
老师，这是什么定语从句？先行词是谁？帮我分析一下句子成分。谢谢!
老师答疑
刘老师：
He is her son, than whom a kinder son does not exist.
老师，这是什么定语从句？先行词是谁？帮我分析一下句子成分。谢谢!
【翻译】他就是她儿子，没人比他更温顺。（比他更温顺的儿子不存在）
than whom a kinder son does not exist：非限制性定语从句，先行词是son。该定语从句，其实就是介词置于关系代词whom之前的问题。为了理解，转换成并列句或两个单句：
He is her son, and a kinder son than him does not exist.
He is her son. A kinder son than him does not exist.
这样的用法很常见：
The man with whom I spoke to is a professor.
和我说话的那人是位教授。
I know the man to whom you talked at the meeting.
我认识你在会上和他谈话的那个人。
She is a teacher than whom no one is more patient.
她是个比谁都耐心的老师。
She is a lady than whom I can imagine no one more courteous.
我想不出一位比她更有礼貌的女士。
陈老师：
He is her son,than whom a kinder son does not exist.
参考译文：他是她的儿子，她的儿子是最善良的。
参考译文：他是她的儿子，比她儿子更善良的不存在。
参考译文：他是她的儿子，没有比她儿子更善良的。
句子语法结构分析如下
主句主语：He（他）
主句系动词：is（是）
主句表语：her son（她的儿子）
引导非限制性定语关系代词：whom（whom指代前面名词her son，同时在定语从句充当介词"than"的宾语，与介词than一起构成介词短语又作后置定语修饰a son。)
修饰定语从句主语的前置定语：kinder（更善良的，更仁慈的，更体贴人，更好心的，更乐于助人的）
定语从句主语：a son（一个儿子）
修饰定语从句主语的后置定语：than whom（比她的儿子）
定语从句谓语：does not exist（不存在）
(特别备注：定语从句中，如果直接放在介词后作宾语，关系代词只可以是which或者whom, 指物/事，用关系代词which，指人用关系代词whom
(1)先行词+介词+which+主语+谓语+其它（备注：前面先行词属于主句某一成分。先行词为表示“物或者事”的名词）
Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.
The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
=The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?
=Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?
The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.
(2)先行词+介词+whom +主语+谓语+其它（备注：前面先行词属于主句某一成分。先行词为表示“人的”名词）
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?
The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.
老师，这是什么定语从句？先行词是谁？帮我分析一下句子成分。谢谢!
解答如下：
同意刘老师解答观点
以上句子是一个由“关系代词whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词 whom指代的先行词为 “主句的表语成分”“ her son”(备注，“than+ whom” 属于介词than+关系代词whom结构，即whom=her son。关系代词whom在定语从句作介词than宾语）
上面句子可以和下面几种句子结构相互转换
He is her son, than whom a kinder son does not exist.
=He is her son and no one is kinder than him.
=He is her son and a son kinder than him does not exist.
=He is her son. Nobody is kinder than him.
=He ,who is her son, is kinder than anyone else .
=He, her son, is kinder than any son( in the world).
