are expected to是主动的还是被动的
2024-10-02 13:11:53 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
California voters are expected to decide next year whether to legalizemarijuana for recreational use. Several U.S. states have passedmeasures legalizing recreational marijuana use, including Alaska, Colorado and Washington.
There are few managers out there today who are not coping with this issue. Manyof us are working on departments that are expected to be more productive with alower headcount.
今天很少有管理者不会应对这样的问题：我们当中有很多人在部门工作，而这样的部门总是被期望用最少的劳动力干最多的活。
疑问：
1. are expected to是主动地还是被动的？在上面第一个句子中表示主动。也就是说是加利福尼亚的投票者希望，而不是被希望，第二个表示被动？
2. 但是类似 be determined to 貌似只能表达主动地意思？
老师答疑
沅老师：
▲be expected to do sth 只表示被动，不表示主动，有时在汉语中没有从字面上翻译出被动来，只是为了符合汉语表达习惯而已，其隐含的意思仍是被动的。如：
Each man is expected to do his duty. 每个人当各尽其责。（意指：每个人都被期望要各尽其责）
You will be expected to work on Saturdays. 你们星期六要上班。（意指：人们指望你星期六上班）
The following are expected to come at 2:00. 下列人员应在两点钟到达。（下列人员被要求在两点钟到达。）
He is expected to remain in hospital for several more days. 他还需在医院多住几天。（意指：他被要求在医院多住几天）
One of the major banks has lowered its interest rates and the other banks are expected to follow suit. 有一家大银行已降低了利率，其他银行也准会照样做的。（意指：人们预计其他银行也会照样做→其他银行被人们预计到会这样做）
▲be determined to do sth 与上述用法不同，这里的 determined 已转化为形容词，意思是 with one's mind firmly made up 或 resolute（有决心的；意志坚定的；坚决的——表主动意义）。如：
She was determined that he should study music. 她下决心要他学习音乐。
A really determined person never gives up. 一个真正有决心的人绝不会放弃。
They were determined to press their case at the highest level. 他们决定把他们那事向最高层反映。
比较下面两句在含义上的差别：
I have determined to go abroad. 我已决定出国。
I am determined to go abroad. 我已下定决心要出国。
在前一句里，determine 是界限动词，强调一时的动作；在第二句里，determined 用作形容词，说明的是一种状态，即一种坚定不移的决心。
