所有定语从句都能简化成非谓语动词结构吗

问题描述

刘老师，所有的定语从句都能进行简化变成非谓语动词结构吗？比如说在下面这个句子：

I can't agree more with the suggestions you have put forward.

像这样主句和从句的主语不一致，从句还能被简化成现在分词吗？对于从句的简化一直很迷惑，希望老师可以用例句详细解释一下，谢谢！

老师答疑

刘老师：

I can't agree more with the suggestions you have put forward.

【答】把一个定语从句简化为非谓语形式时，时态和语态都要考虑。

定语从句是被动语态，自然要考虑使用非谓语的被动式。我们知道，过去分词表被动和完成，那么，这个句子就可以这样改写：

I can't agree more with the suggestions put forward by you.

具体句子具体分析，其非谓语形式也是各不相同的。

你最好还是给出例句，非谓语可能用不定式，也可能用现在分词或过去分词。

我给举个例子吧：

The issue which was discussed yesterday is of great significance.

→The issue discussed yesterday is of great significance. （过去分词）

The issue which is being discussed now is of great significance.

→The issue being discussed now is of great significance. （现在分词被动式）

The issue which will be discussed tomorrow is of great significance.

→The issue to be discussed tomorrow is of great significance. （不定式被动式）

【注意】定语从句为现在完成时，改为分词时，不能用完成式。例如：

The book which has been written by Mr Brown is very instructive.

→The book having been written by Mr Brown is very instructive. (误)

→The book written by Mr Brown is very instructive. (正)

“现在分词的完成式”只能作状语用，表示其动作早于谓语动词的动作，但不能作定语。

例如：Having been written by Mr Brown, the book is very instructive.（分词短语作状语，表示原因，布朗先生可能是位教育家。）

刘老师，非常感谢您的解答，最近几天一直在学习从句，我有几个疑惑还想继续向您求教，1，在我提问的例句和你例句The book which has been written by Mr Brown is very instructive.这一句话中，从句都是现在完成时态，但您将其变成被动语态进行了简化，而且读起来也很顺。但是最近看的语法书上（语法新思维）讲到：当定语从句的时态为现在完成时态的时候，不能将从句简化为分词，并给出这样一个例句：Those who have finished their exercise may go now.

【答】先看你的句子以及我写的例句：

I can't agree more with the suggestions you have put forward.

→I can't agree more with the suggestions put forward by you. (正)

The book which has been written by Mr Brown is very instructive.

→The book written by Mr Brown is very instructive. (正)

→The book having been written by Mr Brown is very instructive. (误)

【规则】过去分词表被动和完成。这说明：过去分词可以代替定语从句（限于：含有被动语态的定语从句，时态可以是过去式、完成时，有时其他时态也可）。

这个句子Those who have finished their exercise may go now. 的定语从句无法变成被动语态，所以无法使用过去分词代替。如果改为having finished，这不是过去分词，而是现在分词的完成式。

所以，这两个句子是一个错误类型：

The book having been written by Mr Brown is very instructive. (误)

Those having finished their exercise may go now. (误)

2.Who breaks the law will be punished.这是一个错误的句子吗？是不是必须将who改为whoever，虽然知道whoever=anyone who，这样改写后逻辑上更好，但可以把原句Who breaks the law 理解为名词性从句的主语从句吗？这样语法结构上是不是可以理解为正确的？

【答】这是一个错误的句子。who不能身兼两职：breaks和will be punished。

把原句Who breaks the law 理解为名词性从句的主语从句吗？——可以。这意味着整个主句的意思作主语。例如：把will be punished去掉，换成 is unknown.

Who has broken the law is unknown. 是谁违反了法律还不清楚。

（“不清楚”是指真个主句的内容）

你这个句子就不一样了：Who breaks the law will be punished. 惩罚的是人，不是整个句子。

3. 对于名词性从句中宾语从句的简化问题，原句为He suggests that we make better use of the school library. 简化后的答案为：He suggests our making better use of the school library.而关于suggest的搭配中有一固定用法为suggest sb. doing sth.所以可将其简化为He suggests us making better use of the school library.吗？我在网上搜索了一些讲解，说法不一，有的说两者都可以，有的说只能是our，但作为单选题里our,us同时为备选项时，都支持的our,不知刘老师是否有更好的解释，期待您的讲解!

【答】关于动名词的逻辑主语问题，如果动名词作了宾语，那么其逻辑主语，使用所有格或宾格，应该都可以。

They didn’t mind his talking loudly.

They didn’t mind him talking loudly.

陈老师：

刘老师，所有的定语从句都能进行简化变成非谓语动词结构吗？比如说在下面这个句子：

I can't agree more with the suggestions you have put forward.

像这样主句和从句的主语不一致，从句还能被简化成现在分词吗？对于从句的简化一直很迷惑，希望老师可以用例句详细解释一下，谢谢！

回答如下：

非谓语动词与从句之间相互转化是英语中非常重要语言现象。(以上也是英语学习者，特别是英语初学者比较难掌握的英语语法现象。）

根据非谓语动词也可做定语这一特点，为了句子达到更加精练和简洁的效果，可以使用用非谓语替代定语从句在句中作后置定语. （其前提条件是关系代词在从句中充当主语成分， 方法就是去掉"关系代词和助动词be动）。

定语从句简化为“非谓语动词结构”的形式可以归纳为以下几种

(1)定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。 

 The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher. 

 →The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.   

站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。 

(2)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。 

 She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting. 

 →She is the girl praised at the school meeting.   

她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。 

(3)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。 

 He is always the first person that comes to school. 

 →He is always the first person to come to school. 

 他总是第一个到校。

I have many letters which I should type． 

→I have many letters to type．(动宾关系.自己打印)

I have many letters which I should type．

→I have many letters to be typed．(被动主谓关系；别人打印)

→I have many letters which are to be typed by other．

下面是关于非谓语动词作状语与状语从句之间相互转化只是拓展讲解,希望对你也有帮助。

非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换:，它们之间可以有条件的进行相互转换。　　

一、非谓语动词与从句的相互关系

(二)不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句

(1)不定式多作目的状语和结果状语．故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果状语从句。

Mother got up early to catch the early bus．

(目的状语）

→Mother got early so as to(in order to)catch the early bus．

→Mother got up early so that(in order that)she migllt catchthe early bus．

【特别注意】so as to和so that不可放在句首。

She is too young to join the army．(结果状语)

She is so young that she cannot join the army．

(2)分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等，相当于相应状语的从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，则用现在分词；如果分词的逻辑主语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时，则用过去分词。分词作状语时，如果其带有逻辑上的主语，称为分词的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联系。

Seeing those pictures．he couldn't help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York．(时间状语)

→When he saw those pictures．he couldn"t help thinking of the unforgettable days in New Y0rk．

二、非谓语动词与从句的相互转换

(一)不定式与从句之间的转换

(1)不定式作主语可转换成主语从句。

When and where for we to hold the meeting is unknown yet．

→When and where We'will hold the meeting is unknown yet．

(2)不定式作宾语或宾补可转换成宾语从句。

I don't know what to do with the matter．

→I don't know what I should do with the matter．

(3)不定式作表语可转换成表语从句。

My wish is to become a pilot after graduation．

→My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation．

(4)不定式作定语可转换成定语从旬。

The meeting to be held tomorrow is ofgreat importance．

→The meeting that／which will be held is ofgreat importance．

(5)不定式作目的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句。

They Started off early in order to(so as to)arrive in time．

They started off early in order that(so that)they could arrive in time．

(二)动名词与从句之间的转换

(1)动名词作主语可转换成that引导的主语从句。

Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French．

→That Tom knows English helps him in learning French．

(2)动名词作宾语可转换成that引导的宾语从句。

I remember having paid him for his work．

I remember that I have paid him for his work．

(3)动名词作表语可转换成that引导的表语从句。

Our worry is your depending too much on him．

→Our worry is that you depend too much on him．

(三) 分词与从句之间的转换

(1)分词作定语可转换成that，who，which引导的定语从句。

The man talking to my teacher is my father．

→The man who／that is talking to my teacher is my father．

分词作状语可转换成相应的状语从句。

While waiting for the bus,I caught sight ofher．

→while I was waiting for the bus．I caught sight ofher．

分词作宾补可转换成宾语从句。

I found him waiting for a bus at the station．

→I found that he was waiting for a bus at the station．

分词在句中作伴随或结果状语时。相当于一个并列句。也可和 tII结构转换。

He died,leaving his daughter much money．

→He died and he left his daughter much money．

三,分词的独立主格结构与从句的相互转换

(一)独立主格结构转换为从句

(1)表示时间的独立主格结构可转换为时间状语从旬。

The shower being over，we continued our joumey．

→When the shower was over．we continued our journey．

(2)表示理由的独立主格结构可转换为原因状语从句。

Au the tickets having been sold out，they went away disappointed ．

→As all the tickets had been sold out，they went away disanppointed ．

(3)表示条件的独立主格结构可转换为条件状语从句。

All things considered，her paper is better than yours.

→If all things are considered．her paper is better than yours.

(4)表示伴随状态的独立主格结构可转换为并列句或两个独立的句子。

He went to the front door．his students following him．(=He went to the front door，followed by his students．)

→He went to the front door．and his students followed him．

(二)从句转换为分词的独立主格结构

(1)从句变为分词的独立主格结构时，要去掉连词，保留自己的主语。然后把从句的谓语变换为分词结构。试比较下面的句子。

Mother being ill in bed．I can't go to scho1．

→As Mother is iu in bed．I can 't go to schoo1．

(2)表示伴随状态的独立主格结构有时可在其前面加用tll或without．

He went away，and not awordwas spoken．

→He went away．without a word spoken．

y老师：

你说的是将从句简化为非谓语动词的形式吧，对于例句从句是定语从句，而连接词是充当从句的主语，从句的主语与主句的主语不同，因此无法简化为非谓语动词，这是我的理解。期盼刘老师解答！