say可以用于引出疑问句的直接引语吗

问题描述

看到这样一个句子，直接引语是一个问句，但没有用 he asked，而是用了 he said：

“Seb?’ he said, with a rising inflection.“是塞伯吗？”他扬声问道。

请问：这种用法规范吗？

老师答疑

W老师：

这位网友所列句子中的 said 的用法是规范的。

如果直接引语是疑问句，引述动词通常用 ask，但用 say 也完全可以的。如以下句子均来自英语词典和语法书：

‘Really?’ she said, raising her eyebrows.  “真的吗？”她扬起双眉说。

‘What do you expect?’ he said, without looking at her.  “你想怎么样呢？”他看也不看她说道。

A voice at my elbow said, ‘Would Sir care to be seated?’ 离我很近的一个声音说：“先生要坐下吗？”

‘Do you mind?’ she said, as he pushed into the queue in front of her. 他挤到她前面来排队时，她说。

陈老师：

看到这样一个句子，直接引语是一个问句，但没有用 he asked，而是用了 he said：

“Seb?’ he said, with a rising inflection.“是塞伯吗？”他扬声问道。

请问：这种用法规范吗？

这样表达也是可以的，相当与宾语提前到装表达

关于直接引语与间接引语的转换几种句子种类归案如下：
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语.

John said, "I’m going to London with my father." 约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去."
（引号内是直接引语） 

John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦.
（宾语从句是间接引语）

在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，不仅句式上要有变化，而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。
引语转换时的句式变化：不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。
(1)陈述句的间接引语
将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "
→She said her brother wanted to go with her
Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker."
→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. 
She said. "I have lost a pen."
→She said she had lost a pen 
She said. "We hope so."
→She said they hoped so. 
 She said. "He will go to see his friend.
 "→She said he would go to see his friend.
 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. 
 → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
【特别注意：】在下列情况下，往往要保留that。
① that 的省略会产生歧义。
Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, the train had already left.琳达很失望地说，她到达车站时火车已经开走了。（如不用that，when状语从句既可以理解为修饰said, 又可以理解为修饰had left）
② 当引述动词后面不止跟一个that引导的从句时，第二个that不能省略。
He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year. 他说他下周要到欧洲去并在那里呆半年。（第二个that不能省略）
(2)疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask, inquire, wonder, want to know等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序，句末不用问号，用句号。
①一般疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为一般疑问句时，用连词whether或if 引导，某些表示请求的疑问句也可以转换成间接祈使句。
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" 
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
【特别注意：】引述词say to oneself常改成wonder。
I said to myself, “Am I fit for the job?”   
I wondered if I was fit for the job. 
我不知道我是否能胜任这项工作。 
②选择疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为选择疑问句时，用连词whether/if…or…引导。
He said, “Are you interested in English or not?”  
He asked (me) whether I was interested in English or not.   
③特殊疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为特殊疑问句，转换为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
He asked , "Where do you live?" 
→He asked me where I lived.
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"
→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“What do you do in your free time?” he asked me. 
【特别注意:】“What’s the matter with you?”和“What’s wrong with you?”改为间接引语时词序不变。
He asked me what was wrong with me.
他问我出什么事了。 
He asked me what was the matter with me.
他问我怎么了
（备注：如果直接引语如果是反意疑问句,,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.）

She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?" 
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. 
He said, "Can you swim, John?" 
→He asked John if he could swim. 
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. 
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. 
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" 
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
(3)祈使句的间接引语：直接引语如果是祈使句，变成间接引语后，叫间接祈使句。
①祈使句表示命令时，要把直接引语的动词say变成command, order, tell等动词，被转述的部分改为动词不定式。否定祈使句改为not to do结构。
Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. 
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. 

②祈使句表示请求时，常把直接引语的动词say变成ask, beg, request, urge等动词。
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window.
"→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."
→His father told him not to leave the door open.


③以Let’s开头的祈使的句，变间接引语时，通常将引述动词改为suggest，然后再接that从句。
A:He said, "Let’s go to the film."
 →He suggested going to the film.
 或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
 →He suggested (our )going to the theatre.
 或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. 
 B:"Would you mind opening the window?" he asked. 
→He asked me to open the window. 
"Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked . 
→he advised me to take a walk after supper. 
"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. 
→He suggested listening to the music. 

(4)感叹句的间接引语
直接引语是感叹句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接感叹句。间接感叹句多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，还可以根据句子表达的不同感情选用适当的动词和状语来转换。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !" 
→She said what a lovely day it was .
或She said that it was a lovely day. 
(5)并列句和复合句的间接引语
当转述的内容为并列句或复合句，或有两种以上的句子时，应根据不同的句式来选择不同的引述动词和连接词。