be without sb to do sth用得对吗
2024-09-28 21:58:09 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
在一篇书面表达的标准范文里看到如下的一句：
Being without anyone to help her, the woman had to do everything herself.
请问句中的 Being without anyone to help her 用得对吗？
老师答疑
刘老师：
Being without anyone to help her, the woman had to do everything herself.
该句中，现在分词短语Being without anyone to help作原因状语。如果补充完整就是：Because she was without anyone to help her, the woman had to do everything herself.
从语法上讲，be without sb./sth. to do sth. 系表结构是可以的，不定式作定语。但不如直接使用“without复合结构”更便捷，即去掉being:
Without anyone to help her, the woman had to do everything herself.
英语中，“without复合结构”比“with复合结构”，使用相对较少。一般语法书和文章多论及“with复合结构”，很少讨论“without复合结构”，或者避而不谈。但是，该现象在语言中确实存在着。因此对这个问题我们不能忽视。
介词without跟with一样，都可以带“宾语+宾补”构成复合结构，宾补可由现在分词（短语）、过去分词（短语）、不定式（短语）、形容词（短语）、副词或介词短语充当。
“without复合结构”在句中主要作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、结果以及伴随情况等，有时也可用作定语或宾补。
“without +宾语+不定式 ”举例：
Life would be hard for him without anyone to rely on. 无人依赖的生活对他来说将是非常困难的。
Without anyone to lead the way in the city, he will certainly get lost. 在这个城市没人领路,他肯定会迷路的。
It was a poor village, without machinery to do any of the farm work. 这是个贫穷的村子，没有机械干农活。
She felt very lonely without anybody to accompany her. 由于没有人陪伴她，她感到很孤独。
New theory and improvements on the old idea could not have been expected without experiments to be developed. 实验不发展，就不可能期望有新理论和对旧观念的完善。
He could not finish it in time without his colleagues to help him. 没有同事帮助他的话，他就不能够按时完成。
