这是with复合结构还是分词短语作非谓语
2024-10-20 12:08:35 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
I found myself, without even knowing how it happened, staring at my egg money.
请问 without even knowing how it happened 是什么成分?是 with 复合结构还是分词短语作非谓语?
老师答疑
刘老师:
▲这是without介词短语,作方式状语。不是without复合机构。又如:
Peter returned to the desk without knowing what to do. 彼得回到了办公桌,不知到应干什么。
She entered without knocking at the door. 她没敲门就进来了。
He slipped into the house without being seen. 他没有被人看见就溜入了那间屋子。
He stole into the cinema without being caught. 他偷偷溜进了电影院而没有被人逮着。
▲without可以引导复合机构,但后面的非谓语动词之前须有逻辑主语。例如:
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 在没人注意之下,他从窗户溜了进来。
The little girl always felt lonely without her mother accompanying her. 那小女孩没有母亲的陪伴总感孤独。
The robber rushed into the room without anybody stopping him. 在没人阻拦他的情况下,抢劫犯冲进房间。
He kept the money without anyone knowing where it was. 他把钱放在了没有人知道的地方。
▲以上例句属于“without +逻辑主语+现在分词 ”。介词without跟with一样,都可以带“宾语+宾补”构成复合结构,宾补可由现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、不定式(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词或介词短语充当。各举一例如下:
2. without +宾语+过去分词
Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat. 橱柜上没有留下任何东西,她出去找吃的。
3. without +宾语+不定式
You will not find the small mountain village without the guide to lead the way. 没有向导引路,你将不会找到那个山村。
4. without +宾语+介词短语
No one will believe your conclusion without some clear proofs in support of it. 如无确定的证据证实,没有人回相信你的断言。
5. without +宾语+副词
In the tale “The New Clothes of the Emperor” the Emperor walked in the procession without anything on. 在童话故事“皇帝的新装”中,皇帝走在队列中,身上一丝不挂。
6. without +宾语+形容词
The girl became less nervous without so many people present. 没有很多人在场,这女孩变得不那么紧张。
“without复合结构”在句中主要作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、结果以及伴随情况等,也可用作定语或宾补。
童老师:
句中的 without even knowing how it happened 是状语(表示时间),它不是 with 复合结构,因为 with 复合结构是由“with+宾语+宾补”这样的形式构成的,而你的这个句子中的 with 只有一个动名词短语作宾语,其实 without even knowing how it happened 就是一个介词短语(介词+动名词)。