句末介词的用法（哪些可以省略哪些不可省加重）
2024-11-23 16:07:05 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
It's a nice place to live 后面加 in 吗？ 另外 find a chair to sit 还是 find a chair to sit on? 谢谢。
老师答疑
刘老师：
语法要求，不及物动词作定语，其后应该加适当的介词，这样才变得及物，因为被修饰的词语是其逻辑上的宾语。不及物动词不能直接跟宾语。
被修饰的成分，如果是地点、位置之类的词语时，在非正式英语中，省略介词很常见。但原则上讲，如果是一个意义比较笼统的词语如place，介词可以省略。如果是一个非常具体的地点名词，最好不要省略介词。例如网友的例句：
It's a nice place to live (in).
（可省略，place 一般跟in搭配，都知道省略了什么介词。）
Let me find a chair to sit on.
（不可省略，具体的地点名词，所使用的介词是不同的，所以不省略。）
又如：
This seat is more comfortable to sit on. 坐这张椅子更舒服。
The soldier dug a hole in the ground to lie in. 士兵们在地上挖了个藏身的坑。
I don't think the chair is firm enough to stand on. 我觉得这椅子不够稳固,不能站人。
We were allotted a house to live in. 我们分得了一间住房。
（注意：有时动词不定式作结果状语，介词也不宜省略。）
******************************************************************
I have no time to play (in).
She has enough time to do look after the children (with).
The animals have to find a place to sleep (in) in winter.
This is a good place for us to study (in).
I don't like the way he speaks (in).
I don't like the way he smiles (in).
I don't like the way he cries (in).
我认为，Expert提供的这些例句，不是介词可不可省略的问题，而是多余和累赘。此外，后面的3句话是定语从句，不是动词不定式，与本问题无关，介词in 跟way搭配一般不放在句末。因为in 跟speak 不密切，要么省略，要么提前，变成in which。
不说：I don't like the way he speaks in.
应说：I don't like the way he speaks.
I don't like the way that he speaks.
I don't like the way in which he speaks.
陈老师：
It's a nice place to live 后面加 in 吗？ 另外 find a chair to sit 还是 find a chair to sit on? 谢谢。
赞同刘老师解答观点！
不及物动词不定式作定语时所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上省略.但是如果是表示具体事物的名词时候，不及物动词后面介词不能省略。
time,place,way省略后面介词的例句如下：
I have no time to play (in).
She has enough time to do look after the children (with).
The animals have to find a place to sleep (in) in winter.
This is a good place for us to study (in).
下面是方式状语的介词省略
I don't like the way he speaks (in).
I don't like the way he smiles (in).
I don't like the way he cries (in).
带介词的不定式作定语
Please give me some paper to write on.
Let"s find a room to put these things in
I have no house to live in.
He has no pen to write with.
There are five pairs to choose from.
动词不定式作定语其他用法仅供参考
(1)动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，其后应有必要的介词。
He wants water to drink.
他要喝水。
She has a child to take care of.
她有一个孩子要照顾。
Are you going to the conference to be held next week?
你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？
(2)作定语的不定式可以表示情态意义。作定语的不定式有时含有情态意义，相当于may,can,will,would或should所具有的含有。
He has no friend to depend on.他没有可以依靠的朋友。（to depend on=whom he can depend on)
He is not the kind of man to do such things.他不是可能做这种事的人。（to do such things=whom may do such things)
I have a lot of work to finish today.我今天有许多工作要完成。（to finish=which I should finish或which I must finish)
(3)不定式可以修饰there be结构中做主语名词。
There is a good rule to go by.
有一项应该遵守的好制度。
There is not a moment to lose.
刻不容缓。
She knows all there is to know.
所有的事情她全都知道。
(4)不定式常用于“have+the+抽象名词”结构中。
She has the kindness to help you.
她出于好意帮助你。
I didn’t have the heart to tell you the bad news.
我不忍心把这个坏消息告诉你。
(5)有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。time,way,right,chance,reason,effort,ambition,movement。
It is already time to start spring sowing.
是开始春播的时候了。
Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.
谢谢你给我发言的机会。
(6)有些动词和形容词后常跟不定式，这些动词和形容词派生出来的名词后也可用不定式作定语。ability,agreement,anxiety,decision,plan,need,determination,willingness,readiness,impatience,inclination,obligation,eagerness。
例句：
His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious.
看得出他急于回家。
She made an attempt to overcome her weaknesses.
她努力克服自己的缺点。
(7)不定式可以修饰做主语的名词，相当于一个定语从句，表明动作即将发生。
The future to greet us will be bright.
我们的未来将是美好的。
The plans to be made are of vital importance.
要制定的计划至关重要。
(8)the first,the second,the last,the best,the only thing
等常跟不定式作定语。
She is always the first to answer questions.
她总是第一个回答问题。
He would be the last to agree to the plan.
他决不会同意这项计划。
(9)当go,spare作“剩下”解时，可作定语；另外还有“with/without+名词+不定式”结构。
With much money to spend,the boy was spoiled.
那个男孩花钱如流水，被惯坏了。
He left on a cold morning,without anyone to see him off.
他在一个寒冷的早上离开的，没有人为他送行。
(10)a much-to-be-longed-for place——不定式作前置定语。不定式作定语时一般需后置，但由连字符连接的不定式短语作定语则要前置，为一种简洁的表达法，其组成结构一般有“动词+名词/代词”、“动词+动词”、“动词+副词”、“形容词+动词”几类。
a do-nothing man（一个无所事事的人）
a strong-to-be-desired travel（一次十分渴望的旅行）
the take-home pay(带回家的工资）
a never-to-be-executed plan(一个永远也施行不了的计划）
