句子成分分析 Chinese wo

问题描述

Chinese women are displaying a increasing interest in a range of surgical procedures, mainly to look prettier, rather than fighting aging, which may help explain why the population of plastic surgery patients in the country is much younger than in other places

rather than 后面为什么不是和前面的不定式对应，因为是前面的逗号吗？

在后面的非限制性定语从句中which指代的是前面的mainly to look prettier, rather than fighting aging吗

谢谢回答！

老师答疑

刘老师：

Chinese women are displaying an increasing interest in a range of surgical procedures, mainly to look prettier, rather than fighting aging, which may help explain why the population of plastic surgery patients in the country is much younger than in other places.

【答】rather than：

1. 意思：“而不是”。

2. 用法：对称性。本句用fighting 或fight 均可，这跟逗号无关。

【注】rather than doing: than是介词；rather than do: than 是连词。

例如，以下例句中，doing 或do 均可，都是与不定式to go 并列：

I'd like to go home rather than doing nothing else here. 

I'd like to go home rather than do nothing else here. 

关于which定语从句：which 指代前面整个主句内容，不是某个部分。

中国女性对一系列外科手术显示出越来越多的兴趣，主要是为了让自己看起来更漂亮，而不是抗衰老。—— which指代整个主句的内容，即：红色部分。

【继续解答】所谓的对称，是指rather than 连接的成分，在意思上跟前面的某个成分对称，如果接了跟前面完全相同的部分就是连词——我说的是这个意思。下面具体讲解rather than 作为连词的用法：

在人教版必修三第5单元中，有这样一个句子：Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.他们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。在必修六第4单元也出现了类似的一个句子：It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 这两句话里面都含有rather than这个短语，说明这是一个比较常用的固定词组。

rather than是一个常用的固定短语，表示“取舍关系”，rather than之后的部分为“舍”。那么，rather than 之后可以跟什么成分呢？

当rather than表示“而不是”的意思时，它后面可以跟名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、甚至从句，但这些必须和前面的成分是并列同等的。例如：

I like football rather than basketball. 我喜欢足球，而不喜欢篮球。（名词）

You should go there rather than I. 是你而非我应该去那里。（代词）

These shoes are comfortable rather than good-looking. 这些鞋子舒适而非好看。（形容词）

He writes fast rather than carefully. 他写字快但不认真。（副词）

She did it by herself rather than with the help of others. 她自己做，而不用别人帮忙。（介词短语）

She was smiling rather than laughing. 她在微笑，不是哈哈大笑。（现在分词）

He was rewarded rather than punished. 他收到了奖励，并不是惩罚。（过去分词）

We should try to reform criminals rather than (to) punish them.我们应该尽力改造罪犯，而不是惩罚他们。（不定式）

I come here to help you rather than (to) harm you.我到这里是来帮助你的，不是来伤害你的。（不定式）

I should thank you rather than that you thank me. 我应当谢你而不是你谢我。（句子）

I would go to see my uncle right now rather than when I have time some day.（从句）

上述例句中，rather than 之后有的实际上是省略了与前面相对应的成分。

【注意】

1. 如果rather than 接的是动名词（跟前面的不定式不对称），如你提问的句子，则应把 rather than 看作介词。

2. 逗号只表示停顿，也可以不用。

3. which做非限制性定语从句时，或者指代整个主句，或者指代主句中的某个词语，这需要根据意思判断出来。

陈老师：

Chinese women are displaying a increasing interest in a range of surgical procedures, mainly to look prettier, rather than fighting aging, which may help explain why the population of plastic surgery patients in the country is much younger than in other places

rather than 后面为什么不是和前面的不定式对应，因为是前面的逗号吗？

解答：需要改为和前面对称“to fight aging/ fight aging"结构

在后面的非限制性定语从句中which指代的是前面的mainly to look prettier, rather than fighting aging吗

解答：关系代词代替前面整句话内容，mainly to look prettier...作目的状语

谢谢回答！

以上句子语法结构分析如下

主语：Chinese women

谓语：are displaying 

宾语：an increasing interest 

修饰宾语的后置定语：in a range of surgical procedures

目的状语：mainly to look prettier ,rather than fighting aging

非限制性定语从句：which may help explain why the population of plastic surgery patients in the country is much younger than in other places

原文如下：

Chinese women are displaying a increasing interest in a range of surgical procedures, mainly to look prettier, rather than fighting aging, which may help explain why the population of plastic surgery patients in the country is much younger than in other places.(备注a/fighting 这个2个地方有问题。）

参考译文：中国女性对一系列外科手术显示出越来越大兴趣，主要是为了让自己看起来更漂亮而不是对抗衰老，这也许能够解释为什么中国整容手术病人的年龄要比其他国家的人低得多。

rather than do sth 而不是为了作某事

改为下面句子

Chinese women are displaying an increasing interest in a range of surgical procedures, mainly to look prettier, rather than to fight aging, which may help explain why the population of plastic surgery patients in the country is much younger than in other places。

（备注：以上句子来自下面这段话）

Wang Danru, a plastic surgeon from No 9 People’s Hospital affiliated to the medical college at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, said Chinese women are displaying an increasing interest in a range of surgical procedures, mainly to look prettier, rather than fighting aging, which may help explain why the population of plastic surgery patients in the country is much younger than in other places.

参考译文：王丹如(音)是上海交大医学院附属第九人民医院一名整形外科医生，据她表示说中国女性对一系列外科手术显示出越来越大兴趣，主要是为了让自己看起来更漂亮而不是对抗衰老，这也许能够解释为什么中国整容手术病人的年龄要比其他国家的人低得多.

rather than 需要接连2个对等词/对称性（词语/短语/句子）

(1)名词

  He is a writer rather than a teacher.

  与其说他是教师，不如说他是作家。

  John，rather than his roommates，is to blame.

  要受责备的是约翰，而不是他的室友们。

  The job will take months rather than weeks.

  完成这项工作需要几个月，而不是几个星期。

(2)代词

  You，rather than she，are my guest.

  你是我的客人，而不是她。

  We are to blame rather than they.

  该受责备的是我们，而不是他们。

(3)形容词

  The colour seems green rather than blue.

  这颜色似乎是绿的，而不是蓝的。

  It was made shorter rather than longer.

  它被缩短了，而不是加长了。

  These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.

  这些鞋子与其说漂亮，不如说舒服。

 (4)副词

  The ship sank quickly rather than slowly.

  船沉得很快，而不是很慢。

  He usually gets up early rather than late.

  他经常起得早，而不是起得晚。

 (5) 动词

  She left rather than stayed at home.
  她不是呆在家里，而是走了。
  Rather than cause trouble，he went away.
  他宁可走开而不愿惹麻烦。
  Rather than have the radio repaired，he’d like to buy a new one.
  与其修理那部收音机，他想还不如买一部新的。

  (6)介词短语。
  I’d prefer to read in the library rather than at home.
  我宁愿在图书馆看书，也不愿在家里看书。
  I’d prefer to do it in this way rather than in that way.
  我喜欢这样做，而不愿意那样做。
  He went to the park in the evening rather than in the morning.
  他喜欢晚上去公园，而不喜欢早上去。

  (7)动词的－ ing 形式
  She likes dancing rather than singing.
  她喜欢跳舞，而不喜欢唱歌。
  It is snowing rather than raining outside.
  外面在下雪，而不是在下雨。
  She is laughing rather than crying.
  她是在笑，而不是在哭。

(8)不定式

I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 

我决定写信而不打电话。

  (9) 过去分词
  He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired.
  他宁愿重建房子，而不愿修缮。

(10)句子

  We should help him rather than he should help us.

  我们应该帮助他，而不是他应该帮助我们。

  It was what he meant rather than what he said.

  那是指他话中的意思，而不是他所说的话。