as 用法疑问（是不是原句有误）
2024-11-30 18:09:29 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
《实用科技英语翻译技巧》（科学技术文献出版社 王运编著）p117讲“定语从句”时说“定语从句可译成表语”。给出的一个例句：
Series wound a.c. motors have as their main characteristic the very large starting torque they can produce at starting or generally at low speed. 串激直流电机的主要特点是，起动或在低速时能产生很大的扭矩。
本句我不太理解as 的用法，我怀疑是不是写错了，是否应为：have their main characteristic as。
如果我理解对了，请教本句as的用法，因为我以前好像没见到have their main characteristic as这样的用法。
请专家指教，谢谢！
老师答疑
刘老师：
Series wound a.c. motors have as their main characteristic the very large starting torque they can produce at starting or generally at low speed. 串激直流电机的主要特点是，起动或在低速时能产生很大的扭矩。
【答】在这个句子中，主语是Series wound a.c. motors；谓语是 have；宾语是the very large starting torque。因为宾语太长：the very large starting torque they can produce at starting or generally at low speed. 且含有一个定语从句they can produce at starting or generally at low speed。为了匀称起见，把介词短语as their main characteristic（作为主要特点）提到宾语之前。谓语动词和宾语之间被某种成分所分隔，这种现象在英语中是比较常见的。
举一个非常相似的例句：
Do you have as a rule much time for reading?
= Do you have much time for reading as a rule?
你平常有许多时间读书吗?
又如：
1. She carries over the shoulder of her leather coat a heavy black purse.
2. When we pass a big building or see an airplane or a car, we might keep in mind that we are looking at the fruits of man’s labour in this tradition.
3. It is better for you to take with you whatever you need most anytime.
4. The critic is he who can translate into another manner or a new material his impression of beautiful things.
5. The discovery has made possible new techniques for brain surgery.
6 . Finally, I dashed down the stairs, pushed open the front door.
7. He was told to speak briefly; accordingly he cut short his remarks.
（注：1-4被介词短语分隔；5-7被作宾补的形容词分隔。）
H老师：
as就是“作为”的意思，这里是把它提前了，正常语序为Series wound a.c. motors have
the very large starting torque they can produce at starting or generally at low speed as their main characteristic。当as作“作为”意思的时候，它是一个介词，在这句话中，as their main characteristic是状语，位置是比较灵活的。
这句话就是*** have *** as ***，但是have后面的名词太长了，你看，如果按照正常语序的话，就比较容易产生歧义，句子也显得啰嗦并不太好看，所以就把as ***提前
黎老师：
Series wound a.c. motors have as their main characteristic the very large starting torque they can produce at starting or generally at low speed. 串激直流电机的主要特点是，起动或在低速时能产生很大的扭矩。
【答】在这个句子中，主语是Series wound a.c. motors；谓语是 have；宾语是the very large starting torque they can produce at starting or generally at low speed （在宾语中含有一个定语从句：they can produce at starting or generally at low speed）。介词短语as their main characteristic是宾语补足语。整个句子属于“have ... as...”句型。在“及物动词+宾语+介词短语作宾语补足语”这种句型中，如果宾语很长，通常把宾语补足语放在宾语的前面。例如：We regard as semiconductors those materials which cannot be classified either as conductors or inconductors. 我们把既不能划为导体又不能划为绝缘体的那些材料称做半导体。/ Space labs will have as crews scientists and technicians with just a few weeks' training. 太空实验室上的乘务员将是一些仅经过几周训练的科学家和技术员。（摘自《新编英语句型句法全解》p.262 ,北京语言大学出版社2012年7月第1版,划底线部分是宾语，粗体部分是宾语补足语）
