retired People和people retiring的理解与区别
2024-12-13 15:32:55 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
You’ve got people retiring early, you’ve got the unemployed.
有些早早退休了，有些失业了。
请问老师:
以上句子的前半句，现在分词retiring 作people的后置定语是不是可以等价于定语从句:
You’ve got people who retired / had retired early.
此外此句为何不这样说:
You’ve got retired people early.
Retired people 和 people retiring 有何区别？
老师答疑
曹老师：
have got = have
have sb doing sth和have sb/sth done均为SVOC句型复合宾语结构
have此时的意义为经历某种情况retiring early是现在分词短语作宾语补足语，early是retiring的时间状语。retired people中的retired虽说是过去分词，但已经形容词化，置于people前则为定语，early的修饰关系就不明确了，因而have retired people early是错误的。
retired people：退休人员。retired是定语。
People are retiring early these years。进行体赋予终结动词retire以重复发生的意义。即不断/经常有人提前/早早退休。
类似的用法还有：More and more people are dying of cancer these years.
have people retiring early = People are retiring early these years and we are faced with such a situation.
We have young people playing computer games the whole night.
这里have不是使役动词，宾补不用不带to的不定式，而用现在分词表示正在发生的事情。
Tom has got his leg broken.
此句中的have got也是经历的意思，broken是宾语补足语
陈老师：
The retired people=The people who have retired.（已经退休的人们）
The people retiring =The people who are retiring.(连续/陆续不断的退休的人们/即将退休的人们/即将离职的人们）
retire 为不及物动词，不及物动词过去分词作前置定语，之表示完成，不表示被动。
You have got people retiring early, you've got the unemployed
(1)主语+have+宾语+doing sth(现在分词作宾补）
意思为：主语使宾语一直处于做某事的状态中。
（意为“叫 / 使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。）
He had us laughing during the lunchtime.
他让我们在午饭期间一直笑个不停
Don't have the baby crying！
不要让婴儿啼哭！
Don't have the dog barking much，Lilin.
李林，别让狗狂吠不停。
You'd better have your car running slowly.
你最好把车子开慢点。
(2)主语+have+宾语+done（过去分词作宾补）
意思为：主语使宾语遭受某种动作行为/使宾语被作，或者使宾语处于某种状态。
（意为“让 / 使sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。）
Tom had his computer repaired yesterday.
汤姆昨天请人为了他的电脑。
We had the machine mended just now.
我们刚才请人把机器修好了。
He has had his hair cut.
他请人给他理发了。
The patient is going to have his temperature taken.
这个病人准备请 让人量体温。
(3)主语+have+宾语+do sth
意思为:主语使/让宾语做了某事
（意为“让 / 使某人做某事”。此结构中的sb. 作宾语，其后的 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。）
I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday.
昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
I'll have someone repair the bike for you.
我会让人为你修理自行车的。
The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.
老板经常要他们工作14 个小时。
以上3个结构完全不同啊！切忌不可混淆使用啊.如果不明白的地方，请继续追问！
