英语里对过去情况的条件句
2024-11-16 16:42:40 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
老师,您好!
我知道可以说:
She said if he finished his homework, he would play computer games.
那我现在猜测这个人昨天到底干了什么,并不知道事实发生没发生 不是虚拟语气。
那能不能说这样说呢?
If he finished his homework at that time, he would play computer games.
类似的:She had left, before he arrived. (这里的before里的从句能不能理解我代替了过去将来时?)
老师答疑
陈老师:
If he finished his homework at that time, he would play computer games.
类似的:She had left, before he arrived. (这里的before里的从句能不能理解我代替了过去将来时?)
回答如下:
以上句子应该改为为下面句子
If he had finished his homework at that time, he would play computer games.
因为,从句是对过去虚拟和假设,从句需要用过去完成时态,而主句是对现在虚拟和假设,则主句谓语需要用would +动词原形结构
She said if he finished his homework, he would play computer games.
解析如下:
这个句子结构,主语+谓语+宾语从句(宾语从句又是一个条件状语从句充当,条件状语从句谓语用一般过去时表过去将来,主句用过去将来时表示过去将来。非常符合英语时态表达习惯。)
主语+谓语+(宾语从句)(宾语从句为一个复合句充当)
老师 虚拟语气说的应该是和过去情况相反的吧,如果他过去完成了作业,那么就会玩电脑。(我现在不知道到底是不是这样一个事实 这个事实是有可能发生的吧???)
继续跟踪回答如下:
(1)如果从句是对过去的虚拟和假设,从句谓语动词需要用“过去完成时态 had done sth”
If you had studied hard, you would be a college student now.
(从句对过去的虚拟和假设,从句对现在虚拟和假设)
(2)如果从句是对现在的虚拟和假设,从句谓语动词需要用“一般过去时态 did sth”
If I were you, I would accept his advice .
(主从句都是对现在的虚拟和假设)
(3)如果从句是对将来的虚拟和假设,从句谓语动词用以下3种形式。
A:did sth
B:should do sth
C:were to do sth
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
=If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home.
=If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
(从句对将来虚拟,主句也对将来虚拟)
主句谓语动词有以下表达
would/should/could/might+do (sth)
继续跟踪回答如下:
(1)如果从句是对过去的虚拟和假设,从句谓语动词需要用“过去完成时态”
A:如果主句也对过去虚拟和假设,主句用would have done sth
B:如果主句是对现在虚拟和假设,主句用would do sth
因此对于不同时间的虚拟和假设,主句和从句谓语要使用不同形式去表现它们的.
(备注:准确弄清楚主句和从句是(在什么下)的时间虚拟和假设,然后把他们“对号入座”即可。)
例如1:If you had come here, you would have seen Tom.
(主句和从句都是对过去虚拟和假设,事实是你没有来这里,你也没有看见汤姆)
主句:对过去虚拟和假设(对应would have done)
从句:对过去虚拟和假设(对应had done )
例如2:If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel a little better now.
(主句是对过去虚拟和假设,从句确实对现在虚拟和假设,事实是上你昨天没有吃药,你现在也没有感觉好一点.)
主句:对现在虚拟和假设(would do )
从句:对过去虚拟和假设(had done)
(2)如果是对现在的虚拟和假设,从句谓语动词需要用“一般过去时态”
请细心阅读我上面详细讲解,希望你明白,并采纳,谢谢!
继续回答如下:
(1)如果你说的话是一种与事实相反的假设,就需要使用虚拟语气来表达
(2)如果你说的话是一种不太可能发生,或者根本就不能发生,也需要使用虚拟语气
(3)如果你说的是一定会发生,或者是很可能会发生,或者可能会发生,就需用陈述语气.
例如:
If it rains tomorrow,I will stay at home(陈述语气)
It it is sunny tomorrow, I will go outing (陈述语气)
If I had one million USD, I would buy a nice car.(虚拟语气,主从句都是对现在虚拟)
请告诉我,你的问题到底是什么?
如果是对过去发生条件句,要看过去发生的事情是否属实,
如果你过去努力学习,你现在就是一名大学生。
事实为:你没有努力学习,你现在不是大学生,与客观事实相反,必须使用虚拟语气表达
If you had studied hard, you would be a college student.
He had left before I arrived . before 不能代替过去将来时态,这句话陈述的是一个客观事实,即我到达之前,他就离开了,我到到达为过去,他离开动作属于过去的过去,所以用了过去完成时态.
陈述一件事情有以下2种情况(在过去时间陈述)
陈述的如果是一个与客观事实一致的事情,句子需要使用陈述语气。
陈述的如果是一个与客观事实相反的假设的事情,句子需要使用虚拟语气。
If he finished his homework at that time, he would play computer games. (这个句子放在宾语从句是成立的,也是正确的。但是从宾语从句单独拿出来就不成立的,也不正确了)
原因是:从句这个事件与客观事实不符合,且发生在过去,属于对过去的虚拟,应该使用过去完成时态
He said that If he finished his homework at that time, he would play computer games.(right)
原因是:在宾语从句中,主句为过去时态,属于在过去时间说将来动作,从句用过去时态表示过去将来(动作),主句用过去将时表示过去将来(动作),非常符合英语表达习惯.(是以过去时间为起点说将来动作。)
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.(陈述语气,是以现在时间为起点说将来动作,从句用一般现在时表示一般将来,主句用一般将来时表一般将来。)
(这句和上句非常类似,只是说话时间起点不同而已。)
If he finished his homework at that time, he would play computer games.(wrong)
If he decided how to finish the task, he would finish it the next day.
这个句子显然是虚拟语气用法
从句对现在虚拟,用一般过去时态 did sth
主句对将来虚拟,用过去将来时态would do
以下会陈述语气
If he decides how to finish the task, he will finish it the next day(陈述语气)
从句:陈述语气 一般现在时 do/does sth
主句:陈述语气 用一般将来时态 will do
如果他决定如何完成这个任务,他讲在第2天完成,
(在说这句话的时候,到底是现在决定,还是过去决定,还是将来决定;(还是习惯上,一般情况下决定呢)啊)
Yesterday,he had to wait until his mom came because it was raining.
这句话表示的就是将要来吧 来没来不知道吧???
以上是描述过去发生一个事件,使用一般过去时态
意思:昨天,他不得不等到妈妈来因为在下雨.
如果还有疑问,请继续追问,如果没有,请采纳,谢谢!