He is working.是主系表结构吗
2024-11-01 09:38:48 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
He is working.
is 用来帮助后面的 work 来形成现在进行时,所以 is 在这里是个助动词。
但解释为 is 是系统词,后面的 working 是表语似乎也说得通。
那么这句话属于主系表结构吗?
老师答疑
刘老师:
“be + doing”结构 的三种格式:
1. She is looking after the children. (进行时态)
2. Her job is looking after the children.(主系表:动名词作表语)
3. Her job is boring.(主系表:现在分词作表语)
下面,以“进行时”跟这两种主系表分别作一比对:
▲在“be + 现在分词”结构中,be可能是助动词,也可能是系动词。这要看这个“现在分词”是动词还是形容词。例如:
He is working. 这是进行时态:working是动词work 的现在分词形式。
He is interesting. 这是主系表结构:interesting 是形容词,或者叫作由现在分词变来的形容词。
常见的这类形容词有:
annoying 恼人的 boring 令人讨厌的
challenging 富有挑战性的
convincing 令人信服的 disappointing 令人失望的
discouraging 令人丧气的
disturbing 烦人的 embarrassing 令人尴尬的
encouraging 令人鼓舞的
exciting 令人兴奋的 frightening 令人害怕的
inspiring 令人鼓舞的
interesting 令人感兴趣的 moving 感动人的
puzzling 令人不解的
relaxing 令人放松的 satisfying 令人满意的
shocking 骇人听闻的
surprising 令人惊讶的 tiring 令人疲劳的
worrying 令人担忧的
▲此外,还有一种貌似的进行时态,其实仍是主系表结构。“动名词作表语”和“进行时态”,也是形似而神异。请比较:
She is looking after the children.
Her job is looking after the children.
它们太相似了,只是主语不同,其他成分完全一样,意思却大相径庭,这是为什么?
这确实是一个很有意思的问题。Her job is looking after the children. 意为 “她的工作是照料孩子的。” 本句中,is 是系动词,looking after the children是动名词作表语。因为is是系动词,主语和表语是平等的并列关系,所以,主语和表语可以互换而意思保持不变:Looking after the children is her job. 照料孩子是她的工作。
She is looking after the children. 意为“她正在照料孩子。”本句中,is是助动词,跟动词look的现在分词构成进行时态,所以is前后两部分不能互换。不可说:*Looking after the children is she. 又如:
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的业余爱好是集邮。
→Collecting stamps is his hobby.
He is collecting stamps. 他正在集邮。
不可说:* Collecting stamps is he.
His ambition is working as a lawyer. 他的抱负是当律师。
→Working as a lawyer is his ambition.
He is working as a lawyer. 他正在以律师的身份工作着。
不可说:*Working as a lawyer is he.
【规律】A代表“主语”,B代表“动词-ing形式”:
“主系表结构”:A is B. 可以说:B is A. (is意为“是”)
“进行时态”:A is B. 不可以说:B is A. (is doing意为“正在做”)
请区别以下例句中,前面10句是动名词作表语的例句,后面则是进行时态的例句。
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的业余爱好是集邮。
His ambition is working as a lawyer. 他的抱负是当律师。
The only way to cure your disease is going to bed. 治疗你的病的唯一办法是上床睡觉。
Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是给办公室保洁。
Her work is teaching children music. 她的工作是教孩子音乐。
His only wish is finding a job in an office. 他唯一的愿望就是找一份办公室的工作。
The ant queen’s full-time job is laying eggs. 蚁后的专职工作是产卵。
The boy’s interest is playing games online. 这个男孩的兴趣就是玩网上游戏。
My favourite sport is playing tennis. 我最喜欢的运动是打网球。
Her first delight was going to the Tower. 她第一个想做的事情是参观伦敦塔。
The scientist is doing experiments no one has so far attempted. 科学家正在作一项迄今为止没人做过的实验。
According to these figures, our company is doing well. 从这些数字来看,我们的公司经营得不错。
The teacher is reading Tom’s English paper. 老师正在审阅汤姆的英语答卷。
He always makes careful notes while he is reading. 当他阅读时,他总是仔细作笔记。
The witness was telling about the whole accident. 目击者正在讲述整个事故的过程。
He is working in his photographic studio. 他正在摄影室工作。
The sculptor is working on a sculpture of Venus. 那个雕刻家正在雕一个维纳斯雕像。
蒋老师:
▲He is working. 不是主系表结构。
▲be (am, is, are, was, were) 有时是系动词,有时是助动词。用法如下:
1. be用作系动词时:后接名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)、从句等。如下面的句子均为系表结构:
Mathematics is an exact science. 数学是一门精密的科学。
Mr Baker is ill today, so Miss Dixon is sitting in for him as your teacher. 贝克先生今天病了,因此由狄克逊小姐代替他代课。
Getting a pay rise in this firm is like getting blood from a stone. 在这家商行里想增加工资简直是缘木求鱼。
The safest course is to avoid alcohol. 最安全的做法是避免喝酒。
The general feeling is that she should be asked to leave. 大家普遍认为她应该被辞退。
2. be用作助动词时:后接现在分词(构成进行时态)或过去分词(构成被动语态)。如:
He is working on a new novel. 他正在写一部新小说。
My son is working as a teacher. 我的儿子是当老师的。
The company is working hard to improve its image. 该公司正竭力提高自身的形象。
陈老师:
He is working.
is 用来帮助后面的 work 来形成现在进行时,所以 is 在这里是个助动词。但解释为 is 是系统词,后面的 working 是表语似乎也说得通。
那么这句话属于主系表结构吗?
回答如下:
以上不属于主语+系动词+表语,结构
以上属于:主语+谓语结构
主语:He
谓语:is working
备注,以上is不是系动词,是助动词+动词现在分词构成进行时时态
主系表,中be 必须是系动词功能
系动词be后只能接(名词,代词,动名词,数词,不定式,形容词,少数副词,从句,介词短语)
【1】be动词属于系动词be(be出现以下内容属于系动词用法)
(1) be+名词
His father is a policeman.
(2) be+形容词
His mother is beautiful.
(3) be+动名词
Her job is washing the dishes.
(4) be+不定式
Tom's dream is to become a pilot.
(5) be+少量副词
Class is over.
They are there
We are here
(6) be+介词短语
Mary is in the room.
(7) be+数词
The number of the students in our class is forty-two.
(8) be+从句(表语从句)
Her wish is that she wants to be an actress.
【2】be动词属于助动词be(BE出现以下2种情况属于助动词BE 用法)
(1) be+动词过去分词(帮助句子构成不同时态的被动语态)
(2) be+动词现在分词(帮助句子构成不同进行时态)
(特别备注:系动词be 和助动词BE 统称为BE 动词,这是学校英语老师长期称呼,没有对他们进行区别性称呼,同样,动名词和现在分词,老师也没有加以区分,通常为动词ing形式,因此学生看到动名词和现在分词就开始头晕了,长的完全一样,用法却完全不同)
例如:
Be动词后,如果接了动词现在分词或者过去分词,就不是系动词be而是助动词be
例如:
English is spoken around the world.(be +动词过去分词构成被动语态)
He is watching TV in the room(be+动词现在分词构成进行时态)
黎老师:
在"be + 现在分词"结构中,be只能是助动词,不能是系动词。所以,He is working.这句话不属于主系表结构。