英语中16个时态对应有16个被动语态吗
2024-09-26 09:03:54 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
请问老师：英语的谓语动词有16种时态，对吧？
那这16种时态哪些是不常用，甚至不用的？
16种时态对应了是16个被动语态的结构吗？
这些16个被动语态结构中，哪些是不常用的？
我感觉 would have been being PP就很怪。
是不是说英语中不会出现 be being、been being 这种 be 动词连用呢？
感谢老师帮我指点。谢谢您。
老师答疑
陈老师：
▲根据《张道真英语语法》第118-120页“各种时态的被动语态”一节的分析：
1. 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时四种基本时态均有被动语态。
2. 现在进行时、过去进行时有被动语态，而将来进行时和过去将来进行时没有被动语态。
3. 现在完成时、过去完成时有被动语态，将来完成时和过去将来完成时很少用于被动结构。
4. 完成进行时均没有被动语态（包括现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时、过去将来完成进行时）。
▲用法及举例：
1. 一般时态的被动语态
一般时态的被动形式都由“助动词be+过去分词”构成(动作发生时间由be表现出来)
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态
In China, the railways are owned by the state. 在中国，铁路是国有的。
They are asked to shoulder the costs of the repair. 要求他们承担这笔修理费。
The new drug began to operate not long after it is taken. 这种新药服用后不久就会开始见效。
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：
Each couple was asked to complete a form. 要求每对夫妇填一张表。
The thief was handed over to the police. 这个小偷已经送交派出所了。
He was admitted into the club as a member. 他被接纳为俱乐部的会员。
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：
The hotel will be closed during repairs. 那家饭店在整修期间将停业。
Light refreshments will be served after the meeting. 会议之后有简单茶点招待。
If you don’t give care to your work, you will be fired. 如果你不细心工作，你会被解聘的。
(3) 过去将来时的被动语态：
He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道他会为此受到惩罚。
They were afraid the city would be bombarded. 他们担心城市会受到轰击。
He hoped that he would be assigned a more suitable job. 他希望能分配他更合适的工作。
2. 进行时态的被动语态
进行时态的被动形式都由“助动词be+being+过去分词”构成：
(1) 现在进行时的被动语态：
He is being treated with a new drug. 他正在接受一种新药的治疗。
The studio is being wired for sound. 这个播音室正在安装音响设备用的电线。
The search for a cure for this frequent disease is being funded by the government. 政府正提供资金以探索这种多发病的治疗方法。
(2) 过去进行时的被动语态：
The baby was being nursed at its mother’s breast. 孩子正在母亲怀中吃奶。
A football match was being played nearby. 附近正在举行一场足球赛。
The road was being repaired. We had to make a detour. 正在修路，我们得绕行。
3. 完成时态的被动语态
完成时态的被动形式都以“has (have, had) +been+过去分词”构成：
(1) 现在完成时的被动语态：
Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已预先安排好 了。
The island has been ruined by tourism. 该岛被旅游业给毁了。
Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary. 本词典的这一版里新增加了很多词。
(2) 过去完成时的被动语态：
It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog. 这是他第一次被狗咬。
She was disturbed to hear you had been injured in the accident. 她听到你在事故中受了伤感到不安。
He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job. 他辞去了职务，因为他得到了一份更好的工作。
