英语技巧：『中学常用介词用法【3】』

重点词汇预告

1 deprive

vt.（of）夺去，剥夺，使丧失

参考例句：

• This law will deprive us of our most basic rights.这条法律将剥夺我们最基本的权利。
• We have no right to deprive their life.我们没有权利去剥夺它们的生命。

2 deprived

adj. 缺乏足够教育的；缺少食物的

参考例句：

• the stunted lives of children deprived of education 未受教育的孩子所过的局限生活
• They deprived the criminal of political rights for all his life. 他们剥夺那罪犯的终身政治权利。

3 envious

adj.嫉妒的，羡慕的

参考例句：

• I don't think I'm envious of your success.我想我并不嫉妒你的成功。
• She is envious of Jane's good looks and covetous of her car.她既忌妒简的美貌又垂涎她的汽车。

4 impatient

adj.不耐烦的，急躁的；热切的，急切的

参考例句：

• He was so impatient that I could hardly hold him back.他是那样急躁，我简直拉不住他。
• With an impatient gesture he thrust the food away from him.他不耐烦地把吃的东西猛地推开。

5 jealous

adj.妒忌的，猜忌的；精心守护的

参考例句：

• He was jealous when he discovered that she loved someone else.当他发现她爱别人的时候，他吃醋了。
• An honorable Chinese citizen should be jealous of his own rights.一名光荣的中国公民应当珍惜自己的公民权利。

6 worthy

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

7 dependent

adj.依靠的，依赖的，依赖他人生活者

参考例句：

• He has a mother completely dependent on him.他有一个完全靠他赡养的母亲。
• The country is dependent on foreign aid.这个国家靠外援生存。

8 keen

adj.热心的；敏锐的；激烈的；锋利的

参考例句：

• There is keen competition between the two motorcar firms.两家汽车公司之间存在着激烈的竞争。
• The children are mad keen to go to the zoo.孩子们非常想去动物园。

9 attentive

adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的

参考例句：

• She was very attentive to her guests.她对客人招待得十分周到。
• The speaker likes to have an attentive audience.演讲者喜欢注意力集中的听众。

10 devoted

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

正文

七、OF

1.动词+of

a)动词+of。of意为“有关，由于”： beg of(sb.)请求某人,complain of抱怨，consist of由…构成, die of死于, dream of梦想, hear of听说, know of了解,speak of谈及, tell of讲到, think of想起, talk of论及。例如：

Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.从来没有人抱怨我们带来这么多麻烦。

Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧两种元素组成。

b)动词+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剥夺，有关”之意：accuse of控告（谴责，非难）某人, cheat of骗走, deprive¹ of剥夺,inform of汇报, rob of抢走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。例如：

He has cheated me of my poverty. 他骗走了我的财产。

They are deprived² of their rights as citizens.他们的公民权都被剥夺了。

c)动词+sth.+ of +sb.。介词of表动宾关系，后接动作的宾语

sb.：request of请求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。例如：

All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的请求就是希望你早点来。

You have done all the law requires of you.你做的这一切都是法律对你的要求。

2. be +形容词+ of。of后接表对象或目标的词，这类短语有很多：

be aware of觉察, be ashamed of以…为耻, be afraid of担心,be bare of没有, be careful of小心, be clear of还清债务,be certain of确信, be composed of由…构成, be envious³ of嫉妒,be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜欢, be free of免于；摆脱, be full of充满, be guilty of认罪, be hopeful of抱有希望,be informed of汇报, be impatient⁴ of对…无耐心, be jealous⁵ of嫉妒,be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…为骄傲,be sick of烦于, be short of缺乏, be sure of确信, be tired of困于,be worthy⁶ of值得。

3.of+名词构成的词组：of age成年, of choice精选的，of course当然,of late最近，of name有名的，of oneself自动地，of purpose有意地，of use有用，of values有价值的。

八、ON

1.动词+on

a)动词+ on。介词on表示“凭借，产生某结果，接通”等意思：act on对…有作用, bring on促使；导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以…为生,figure on料想；推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以…为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（电源）, take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）, work on操作, wait on侍候。例如：

This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 这种药对心脏有好处。

The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天气促使庄稼长势良好。

We count on you to help. 我们有赖你的帮助。

b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…，对…，在某方面”：base on以…为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。例如：

Theory should be based on practice. 理论联系实际。

Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你竞赛获得成功。

2.be+形容词+on的词组：be dependent⁷ on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对…印象深刻, be keen⁸ on渴望, be strict on对…严格。例如：

We can’t just be dependent on our parents. 我们不能只依赖父母。

He is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出国。

3.on+名词构成的词组：on表示处于某种状态或在某个方位：on board乘（车,飞机）,on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下,on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,on time准时, on the move行动, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot当场,on the tip of one’s tongue快要说出口, on top of在…的顶部，on watch值班。

九、TO

1.动词+to

a)动词+ to。介词to意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…，belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为…干杯，get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考；指的是…；涉及, reply to回答, see to负责,stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。例如：

She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。

Business has to be attended to. 有事要办。

An idea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。

b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语sb.，要接间接宾语时须在动词后加介词to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。例如：

She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。

c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此时介词to可译成“到，于，给”等意思：add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。例如：

Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。

Poets like to compare life to stage. 诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to。to的意思是“对…”：be alive to觉察；晓得,be attentive⁹ to注意；留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反；反对, be devoted¹⁰ to致力, be deaf to不愿意听, be equal to有…的力量,be exposed to暴露；遭受, be fair to对…公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to对…有好处, be harmful to对…有危害,be important to对…重要, be kind to友好对待, be known to周知于,be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to靠近,be necessary to对…有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对,be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人,be rude to粗暴对待, be relative to与…有关, be strange to不习惯,be similar to类似, be suitable to适合, be true to忠实,be thankful to感激, be useful to对…有用, be used to习惯。例如：

Are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到发生什么事了吗？

The old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能应付这种情况。

His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子对面。

3.to+名词构成的词组有：to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to one’s feet跳起来，to one’s mind照…看来, to one’s surprise使…吃惊,to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地。