形容词后的宾语从句问题
2024-12-17 19:34:47 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
I'm sure (that) we'll succeed.
上句中从句 we'll succeed 是形容词 sure 的宾语还是系表结构 am sure 的宾语?谢谢回答。
老师答疑
刘老师:
在“主语(人)+ be + 形容词 + that ... ”结构中,关于that从句的成分划分,可分为两大类型。
1. that从句作“be + 形容词”的原因状语。
2. that从句作“be + 形容词”的宾语。
下面,对“主语(人) + be + 形容词 + that 从句”进行分析。
句子的主干是“主系表结构”,这应该没有异议。关键是,这个that从句到底做什么成分?
我个人认为,单纯从结构上是没有办法对that从句作出划分成分的。只有从语用学角度,也就是从语义上考虑,才是最佳的方法。因此,应根据形容词与that从句的关系作为判断的标准。
▲以下这些that从句,在意思上确实表达了形容词的“原因”。根据语义,最好看作原因状语从句,这些形容词往往表示人的“情绪变化”,如:glad, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, proud, angry 等。
He was pleased that at last he was extricated. 他很高兴他终于获得了解脱。
I'm sorry that your husband lost his job. 你丈夫把工作丢了,我很惋惜。
He's very glad that you've come to see him. 你来看他,他非常高兴。
They are proud that she is doing well at school. 他们为她出色的学习成绩感到骄傲。
Father was angry that Tom had broken the glass. 汤姆把杯子摔破了,父亲很生气。
▲“be+形容词”表达的意思,对that从句具有“相信、推测、怀疑、判断、盼望、认识到”等关系,那么,把that 从句视为宾语从句最好。你的句子就是这个类型,这类形容词有:sure, certain, confident,afraid, anxious,eager,aware,等等。例如:
I’m afraid that he isn’t back yet. 恐怕他还没回来。
We’re sure that they will stand behind us. 我们肯定他们会支持我们。
They were confident that they would overcome the difficulties. 他们有信心能克服困难。
I am certain that he will deliver on his promise. 我确信他会履行诺言。
I'm anxious that he should be well cared for. 我盼望他能受到很好的照顾。
The head is eager that all the workers should come in time. 队长急着要所有工人都按时来。
She is well aware that this is a tough job. 她深知这是一件棘手的工作。
与上述情况不同,这些例句的that从句跟形容词不存在因果关系,而是含有动宾关系。“be+形容词”可以转换为一个及物动词。
例如:
I’m afraid (=fear) that he isn’t back yet. 恐怕他还没回来。
We’re sure (=believe) that they will stand behind us. 我们肯定他们会支持我们。