GRE考试与物理相关的词汇

GRE考试与物理相关的词汇

　　需要GRE考试的，大量练习词汇是非常有必要的，下面是应届毕业生小编为大家分享有关GRE考试与物理相关的词汇，欢迎大家阅读与学习!

　　Heat Conduction热传导

　　原文：When a substance is heated, heat is passed from its hotter part to its cooler part. This way of passing heat is called conduction. Metals conduct heat easily. They are good conductors. Non-metals, such as wood, glass and plastic cannot conduct heat easily. They are bad conductors.

　　翻译：物质受热时，热量从温度高的地方向温度低的地方传递。这种热的传递方式叫传导。金属容易导热，是良好的导体。非金属，如木头、玻璃、塑料，不易导热，不是良好的导体。

　　讲解：上文中，substance是指物质，物质也可以用matter来表示。Conduct是传递、传导的意思，做动词时重音在后，读作/ k?n?d?kt/，conduct的名词形式是conduction，导体为conductor。导热，可以说heat conduction，也可以用passing heat来表达。

　　Travel of Sound声音的传播

　　原文：Sound is produced when things vibrate, like beating a drum or beating a guitar.Sound has to travel through solid, liquid or air to ears. When the sound is blocked by other things, it become less loud and clear. Sound travels better through liquid that through air. It travels best through solid.

　　翻译：声音是通过震动产生的，例如敲鼓或弹吉他。声音通过固体、液体或空气传入耳朵。当声音被其他物质阻挡时，声音会变小、变得不清晰。声音在液体中传播比在气体中传播快，在固体中传播最快。

　　讲解：travel除了指旅行，也可以表示传播，例如travel of sound声音的传播, travel of light光的传播。第一句sound is produced when things vibrate是一个被动句，由be produced构成被动结构;这句话中，vibrate的意思是震动。这段中三个关键词为solid固体，liquid液体和air空气。

　　Refraction of light光的折射

　　原文：Air, water and glass can let light pass through. They are called medium. When light passes from one medium to another, such as from water to air, its direction changes. This is called the refraction of light. The words under thick glass look higher up. The chopstick dipped into water looks bent. The rainbow looks curved. These are some examples of light refraction.

　　翻译：空气、水和玻璃可以使光通过，他们叫做介质。当光从一种介质传播到另一种介质，例如从水射入空气，方向会发生变化，这一现象叫光的折射。厚玻璃下面的字看起来更高。浸入水中的筷子看起来弯曲。彩虹是弯的。这些都是光的折射。

　　讲解：medium是介质的意思，介质是指能够传播能量的载体。Dip，浸蘸。Curve用作名词是曲线的意思，curved为形容词，弯曲的。

　　以上一些例子中，句子大多为简单句，语言并不算难。我们可以看到，一些常见的词汇，例如medium媒介，在物理学科中就成为了专有名词。如果有相关的物理背景知识，还是很好理解的。有很多我们日常生活中认识的词汇，在科学背景的材料中似乎就变得难以理解了。这是因为我们欠缺相关的专业知识，不知道这个词在这样的语境下是什么意思。为了避免这种情况，需要多积累广泛的背景知识，并在学习的时候充分调动起来。

　　物理学科其他常用词汇：

　　力force

　　速度velocity

　　热heat

　　温度temperature

　　固体solid

　　液体liquid

　　气体gas

　　晶体crystal

　　熔点melting point

　　凝固点solidifying point

　　汽化vaporization

　　蒸发evaporation

　　沸腾boiling

　　液化liquefaction

　　升华sublimation

　　凝华condensation

　　热传递heat transfer

　　热传导heat conduction

　　热对流heat convection

　　热辐射heat radiation

　　吸收absorb(v.)

　　放出release(v.)

　　玻璃glass

　　磁体magnet

　　重力gravity

　　浮力buoyancy force

　　电electricity

　　正极positive plate

　　负极negative plate

　　电压voltage

　　伏特Volt

　　摩擦起电electrification by friction

　　电路electric circuit

　　电源power source

　　导线wire

　　电键/开关key(switch)

　　电流electric current

　　灯泡light bulb

　　试管test tube

　　漏斗filter funnel

　　烧杯 beaker

　　量杯 graduated cylinder

　　GRE考试的高频词汇

　　waft scent, waving movement; carry lightly through

　　wage payment, carry on, engage in (war)

　　warmonger person who stirs up war

　　warrant authority, written order, guarantee

　　wary cautious

　　weave make (threads) into cloth

　　weigh measure hoe heavy smth is

　　whimsical full of odd and fanciful ideas

　　wince show bodily or mental pain

　　perfidy treachery; breaking of faith

　　perfunctory done as a duty withour care

　　perjury wilful fasle statement, unlawful act

　　pernicious harmful, injurious

　　persevere keep on steadily, continue

　　pertain belong as a part, have reference

　　pest destructive thing or a person who is nuisance

　　petulant unreasonably impatient

　　pied of mixed colors

　　pinch be too tight, take between the thumb and finger

　　pious dutifull to parents; devoted to religion

　　pique hirt the pride or self-respect, stir (curiosity)

　　pitfall covered hole as a trap, unsuspected danger

　　pith essential part, force, soft liquid substance

　　placate soothe, pacify, calm

　　plaque flat metal on a wall as a memorial

　　plea request

　　plead address a court of law as an advocate

　　plethora glut

　　pliant pliable, easile bent, shaped or twisted

　　plod continue doing smth without resting

　　pluck pull the feathers off, pick (eg. flowers)

　　plummet fall, plunge, stee*

　　plunge move quickly, suddenly and with force

　　poise be ready, be balanced, self-possession

　　ponderous heavy, bulky, dull