人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元检测卷（含解析）

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Unit 4 Natural Disasters
（100分）
一、语法填空（共10小题，每小题4分）
1.It is ___________ (type) that the old man will fall asleep while having dinner.
2.His goal is to get as great a ___________ (diverse) of material relating to the latest research on medicine as possible.
3.The Spring Festival is coming and everyone feels ___________ (delight) with the atmosphere in the street.
4.Yuan Longping buried himself _________the development of the hybrid rice and made great achievements.
5.As long as we make every effort _________ (solve) the problems, we will surely achieve our goal.
6.Many buildings _________ (sweep) away in the flood last year, which led to many deaths.
7.Never before has our country been so _________ (power) as it is today.
8.He was so pleased with all _________we had done for him that he wrote us a letter to praise us.
9.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________ (be) broken.
10.The main purpose of the passage is to supply visitors _________hotel information.
二、阅读理解（共4小题，每小题5分）
Mathea Allansmith isn’t your typical grandmother. She’s the oldest woman in the world to have completed a marathon. She was 92 years 194 days old when she crossed the finish line at the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, setting the record for the oldest female to complete a marathon.
Mathea, now 94, of Koloa, Hawaii, USA, stays in shape all year round by running seven days a week, no matter what the weather e rain or shine, she covers 36 miles every week, even when she’s on holiday. The retired doctor didn’t take up running until she was 46 years old —after a friend suggested running two miles per day.
“The Honolulu Marathon is my favorite marathon mainly because it doesn’t close the gate at a certain time, which allows even the slowest runner to finish the race,” she said. “It’s one of the best races. Fantastic registration (注册), set-up and management make it a joy to run the race.”
Mathea, who doesn’t allow her age to slow her down, thinks she is the happiest person when she’s on the road. She enjoys running for miles and waving and saying hello to the people she passes. To stay in shape, Mathea keeps a steady training routine (惯例) . “I train all year round but increase the mileage 18 weeks before a marathon,” she said.
Mathea said it was her career as a doctor that allowed her to understand how her body and mind respond to diet and exercise. “I see the direct relation between moving and health,” she said. “It is important to reduce stress rather than ignoring it without a plan on how to do so. Of course, exercise of any kind is a natural stress reducer.”
Mathea thought getting through the finish line and winning a Guinness World Record title was the excitement of her life. “My family completely surprised me after the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, in which I achieved the world record, by wearing matching T-shirts stating my achievements,” she said.
11.What do we know about Mathea from the first two paragraphs
A. She used to be in poor health.
B. She is the oldest to win a marathon.
C. She runs daily regardless of the weather.
D. She was encouraged by her patient to run.
12.Why is Mathea keen on the Honolulu Marathon
A. It gives winners the best awards.
B. It provides runners with quality service. .
C. It has no time limit for runners to finish.
D. It allows runners to set a world record easily.
13.What led to Mathea’s understanding of the connection between moving and health
A. Her professional experience. B. Her training courses.
C. Her views on stress in life. D. Her hobby from young.
14.What message does Mathea’s story deliver
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Interest is the best teacher.
C. Age is no barrier to success.
D. Ups and downs make one strong.
三、七选五（共5小题，每小题5分）
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer: 15. _______In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 16. _______"Showing thankfulness can foster self-control," said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most "feel good" option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 17. _______Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
18. _______
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable, is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, "19. _______" You'll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
四、书面表达（共15分）
假定你是上海中学国际部的李华,你校将选派10名学生参加以"皮影戏(shadow play)"为主题的文化交流活动。请你给负责此事的外教Jessica写信申请参加该活动。内容包括:
1. 表明写信的目的;
2. 说明自己的优势;
3. 表达期待。
注意:
1. 写作词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：typical
解析：考查形容词。句意:这是典型的老人会在吃饭的时候睡着。根据句意以及空前is系动词可知，此处为形容词typical“典型的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填typical。
2.答案：diversity
解析：diverse意思是不同的，各种各样的，是一个形容词。根据空格前的单词a，意思是一，是一个不定冠词，后跟可数名词单数形式，所以这里应该填diverse的名词形式diversity，意思是多样性，差异，是一个可数名词。因为空格前的a，所以这里用单数形式。故答案为diversity。
3.答案：delighted
解析：考查形容词。句意:春节就要到了，每个人都为街上的气氛感到高兴。设空处在句中作表语，句子主语为everyone，形容词delighted“高兴的;愉快的”符合句意。故填delighted。
4.答案：in
解析：考查介词。bury oneself in.…表示“专心致志于……”,故填介词in。句意:袁隆平专心致志于杂交水稻的发展,取得了巨大成就。
5.答案：to solve
解析：考查不定式。make every effort to do sth.意为“尽一切努力做某事”,故填to solve。句意:只要我们尽一切努力解决问题,我们就一定会实现我们的目标。
6.答案：were swept
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在去年的洪水中,很多建筑物被冲走,导致很多人死亡。根据时间状语last year可知此处应用一般过去时,且buildings和sweep away之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是复数名词,谓语动词应用复数。故填were swept。
7.答案：powerful
解析：考查形容词。设空处前面有been和表示程度的副词so,故此处需用形容词作表语,故填powerful,表示“我们的国家以前从来没有像现在这样强大过”。
8.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意:他对我们为他所做的一切都非常满意,以至于他给我们写了一封信来表扬我们,先行词为all, 且关系词在定语从句中作宾语,关系词需用that。
9.答案：were
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意:当铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时,它看起来好像被折断了。此处是as if引导的表语从句中的谓语。根据常识可知铅笔放入水里时并不是真的被折断了,所以设空处应用虚拟语气,表示与现在的事实相反的情况,故用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中be动词常用were。故填were。
10.答案：with
解析：考查固定搭配。supply sb. with sth.给某人提供某物。句意:这篇文章的主要目的是给游客提供旅馆信息。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Mathea, now 94, of Koloa, Hawaii, USA, stays in shape all year round by running seven days a week, no matter what the weather is. (现年94岁的Mathea来自美国夏威夷的Koloa，她每周跑步7天，一年四季都保持着良好的身材，无论天气如何。)”可知，Mathea每天都跑步，不管天气如何。故选C。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“‘The Honolulu Marathon is my favorite marathon mainly because it doesn’t close the gate at a certain time, which allows even the slowest runner to finish the race, ’she said. (她说：“Honolulu马拉松是我最喜欢的马拉松，主要是因为它没有在特定的时间关闭大门，这使得即使是最慢的运动员也能完成比赛。”)”可知，她喜欢Honolulu马拉松的原因是该马拉松比赛没有时间限制。故选C。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Mathea said it was her career as a doctor that allowed her to understand how her body and mind respond to diet and exercise. ‘I see the direct relation between moving and health, she said. It is important to reduce stress rather than ignoring it without a plan on how to do so. Of course, exercise of any kind is a natural stress reducer.’ (Mathea说，她的医生职业生涯让她了解了自己的身心对饮食和运动的反应。“我看到了运动和健康之间的直接关系，”她说。“重要的是要减轻压力，而不是在没有计划的情况下忽视它。当然，任何形式的锻炼都是自然的减压方式。”)”可知，Mathea的医生职业生涯使她对运动和健康之间的关系有了全新的理解。故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Mathea Allansmith isn’t your typical grandmother. She’s the oldest -woman-in the world to have completed a marathon. She was 92 years 194 days old when she crossed the finish line at the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, setting the record for the oldest female to complete a marathon. (Mathea Allansmith是一位非典型的祖母，她是世界上完成马拉松比赛的最年长女性。在2022年Honolulu马拉松比赛中，她以92岁194天的年龄冲过终点线，创下了完成马拉松比赛的最年长女性纪录。)”以及全文内容可知，Mathea的故事传递了一个信息，即只要有决心和努力，年龄并不是实现非凡成就的障碍。她的故事鼓励人们不要因年龄而自我设限，而是要积极追求自己的目标和梦想。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：15-19 GEBCF
解析：15. 根据空前的"There's one answer"可知,本空要回答前面的问题"What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common "(交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处呢 )。根据文章标题"Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person"和常识可知,这三种情况都需要人们多点耐心,故G项符合语境。
16. 本段第一句讲到了"Thankfulness has a lot of benefits"(感恩有很多好处),空前讲到了一些好处"it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic"(它让我们更快乐、压力更小,甚至更乐观),因此,空处讲到的应该还是好处,且涉及主题"耐心",故E项"它也可以帮助我们练习更有耐心"符合语境,E项中的also与上句形成了递进关系。
17. 根据空前的"the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice" (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)可知,空处讲到的应该是如何练习,结合空后的"Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake"(把看你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末,或者多等10分钟再去吃那个蛋糕)可知,此处讲到的都是一些细小的事情。B项"从小任务开始"承上启下,故B项符合语境。
18. 本空考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的"when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances"(当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时,我们会对状况感到不耐烦)可知,本段主要围绕如何在不舒服的情况下培养耐心展开,故C项"接受不舒服"适合作本段的主旨句。
19. 本段王要讲到了"接受不舒服",因此,空处讲到的也是在不舒服的情况下,自己可以给自己的心理暗示,故F项"This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable"(这只是令人不舒服,并不是让人无法忍受)符合语境,且能引出下文"You'll then gradually become more patient"(然后,你就会逐渐变得更加有耐心)。
四、书面表达
答案：
Dear Jessica,
I'm Li Hua. Learning that our school will select 10students to take part in the cultural exchange activity, I'm writing to apply for the opportunity.
I'm confident that I am a right person for this activity .Firstly, I am fluent in English, which plays an important role in communicating with foreigners. Secondly, I have learned shadow plays for eight years and am capable of performing them well. What's more, I'm outgoing and can get on well with others.
I would appreciate it if you could give me this chance.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

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