illness翻译_illness短语搭配_illness权威例句
2024-06-03 22:40:43 学考宝 作者:佚名
基本释义:
illness
英 [ˈɪlnəs]美 [ˈɪlnəs]
- n. 疾病;(某种)病,患病期
复数 illnesses
词典扩展 短语搭配 权威例句 实用例句
柯林斯词典
illness /ˈɪlnɪs/
- 1.
不可数名词 Illness is the fact or experience of being ill. 生病例:
If your child shows any signs of illness, take her to the doctor.
如果您的孩子出现任何生病的症兆,带她去看医生。
- 2.
可数名词 An illness is a particular disease such as measles or pneumonia. 疾病例:
She returned to her family home to recover from an illness.
她回到自己家里养病。
同根词
词根:ill
同近义词
同义词辨析
disease illness trouble 【导航词义:疾病】
disease n. 疾病
〔辨析〕 指人类与动物的疾病或植物病害,多用于指具体的、感染所致的疾病。例1: contagious diseases
传染病
例2: He suffered from a stomach disease.
他有胃病。
illness n. 病,疾病
〔辨析〕 通常指抽象的疾病,多指身体不适的时间或状态,但不用来指感冒、头疼之类的小病。例1: You have to ask for leave if you take off work due to illness.
如果你因病没去上班,你得请假。
例2: His grandfather is recovering from a short illness.
他祖父不久前生病,目前正在逐渐康复。
trouble n. 毛病
〔辨析〕 指身体某部位出现的健康问题。例1: He has trouble with his left shoulder.
他左侧肩膀有问题。
例2: He suffers from back troubles.
他有背疾。
词组短语
1. mental illness 精神病
2. History of present illness 现病史
3. slight illness 小病;不适;头疼脑热
4. serious illness 重大疾病
5. terminal illness 终期病患
6. state of illness 病况
7. Heat Illness 热病 ; 中暑 ; 热中症
8. chronic illness 慢性病 ; 痼疾 ; 锢疾
9. state of an illness 病情
10. Illness and Disease 疾病
11. fatal illness 绝症
12. die of illness 病死 ; 病故 ; 死于疾病
13. Mental illness 精神病 ; 精神疾病 ; 心理疾病 ; 心理障碍
词语搭配
illness与以下词性连用
n.
signs/symptoms of an illness 某种疾病的征兆/症状
adj.
long/short illness 持续时间长/短的疾病
mental illness 精神疾病
serious illness 重病
terminal illness 绝症
mysterious illness 奇怪的疾病
sudden illness 突发的疾病
v.
suffer from an illness 患病
treat an illness 治病
diagnose an illness 诊断疾病
have an illness 患有疾病
权威例句
1. Through the academic resource and data test, this method proves a good result in practice.
通过对小波理论的研究以及数据测试实践, 该方法在实际应用中取得了良好的效果.《期刊摘选》
2. And such environmental factors would be illnesses, infections and stress.
并且这些环境因素将导致疾病 、 感染和压力.《期刊摘选》
3. She died after a long illness.
她久病不愈而亡。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
4. His illness was brought on by money worries and overwork.
他的病是因操心钱和劳累过度而造成的。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
5. He was horribly upset over her illness.
他为她的病情而忧心忡忡.《简明英汉词典》
6. A poor diet lowers your resistance to illness.
不良的饮食降低你对疾病的抵抗力.《期刊摘选》
7. The illness damaged his Action Man image.
这场病损害了他那爱打拼的形象。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
8. Her father's illness cast a cloud over her wedding day.
她父亲的病给她的结婚喜庆日蒙上了一层阴影。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
9. As she rightly pointed out the illness can affect adults as well as children.
她说得对,这种病不仅影响儿童,也会影响成年人。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
10. There are two schools of thought about how this illness should be treated.
关于如何治疗这种疾病,有两派不同的意见。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
11. TB is a serious illness, but it can be cured.
肺结核虽然是一种严重的疾病,但可治愈。《牛津词典》
12. He seems to be developing an illness.
他似乎在患一种疾病.《期刊摘选》
13. His mother has been at his bedside throughout his illness.
在他生病期间,他母亲一直守候在他床边。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
14. He died after a long illness.
他久病不愈而亡。《牛津词典》
15. How Should We Treat Mental Illness?
25我们应该怎么治疗精神疾病?《期刊摘选》
16. During his serious illness he lost over ten jin.
他害了一场大病,体重掉了十多斤.《现代汉英综合大词典》
17. He kicked off after a long and painful illness.
他经过一次长期而痛苦的疾病以后去世了.《期刊摘选》
18. He is pretty much pulled down by his illness.
疾病使他的身体很虚弱.《辞典例句》
19. There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.
这种病尚没有确切的治愈方法,但可以医治。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
20. Her illness was Nature's way of telling her to do less.
她的疾病是天意在告诉她不要太劳累。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
21. Illness had put a brake on his progress.
疾病中止了他的进展。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
22. His illness wasinduced by overwork.
他的病是因工作过度而引起的.《现代英汉综合大词典》
23. You may find your illness hard to accept.
你可能觉得难以接受自己患病。《牛津词典》
24. I will be responsible to handle such matters as the student's illness or any other mishaps.
负责该生在校学习期间发生疾病和其他意外事故的处理工作.《期刊摘选》
25. She was very supportive during my father's illness.
在我父亲生病期间,她给了很多帮助。《牛津词典》
26. It took her ages to get over her illness.
她花了很长时间才把病治好。《牛津词典》
27. She returned to her family home to recover from an illness.
她回家养病来了。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》
28. childhood illnesses
儿童患的各种病《牛津词典》
29. She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
她没有提到她的病,只说了她未来的计划。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
30. His illness would not permit that he ( should ) work hard.
病魔不允许他辛苦工作.《简明英汉词典》
31. He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.
他在整个生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力。《牛津词典》
32. Mary's illness cast a damp over the party.
玛丽病了,这使参加聚会的人很扫兴.《简明英汉词典》
33. His illness is not at all serious.
他的病很轻.《现代汉英综合大词典》
34. The ostensible reason for his absence was illness.
他假托生病缺勤。《牛津词典》
35. Illness and age had changed her out of all recognition.
疾病和年老使她变得叫人完全认不出来.《期刊摘选》
36. The illness is usually terminal.
这种病通常为不治之症。《牛津词典》
37. Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of.
精神病并不可羞愧。《牛津词典》
38. Reading and writing are important skills.
读和写是重要的技能.《辞典例句》
39. Both air pollution and noise pollution affect our health and cause illnesses.
空气污染和水污染都影响我们的健康并引发疾病.《期刊摘选》
40. And the portly pooches also risk similar illnesses, including heart disease.
而肥胖的狗同样也分享到了肥胖引发的类似的人类疾病, 其中包括心脏病.《期刊摘选》
41. Mental illness is still a taboo subject.
精神疾病仍然是禁忌话题。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》
42. His illness has left him completely immobile.
他的病使他完全丧失了活动能力。《牛津词典》
43. His illness has left him weak.
他病后身体软弱.《现代汉英综合大词典》
44. Illness had taken a heavy toll on her.
疾病对她的身体造成极大的损害。《牛津词典》
45. You can hedge against illness with insurance.
你可以买保险以备治疗患病之需。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
46. In crude terms, the causes of mental illness seem to be of three main kinds.
简略地说,导致精神病的原因看起来主要有三种。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
47. He succeeded in pulling through the illness.
这场病他硬挺过来了.《现代汉英综合大词典》
48. The patient, however, progressed systemically and succumbed to her illness.
但是, 此例患者仍然发生了疾病全身进展并死亡.《期刊摘选》
49. Illness pursued him till his death.
疾病一直纠缠着他,直到他去世.《现代英汉综合大词典》
50. The gene is only part of the causation of illness.
基因只是疾病的部分诱因。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
51. He fought the illness with courage and determination.
他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。《牛津词典》
52. His illness caused him to lose his memory.
他的病使他失去了记忆。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
53. Mental illnesses can be cured, and almost always are.
精神疾病可以治愈, 而且几乎都可以治愈.《期刊摘选》
54. Taking this medicine twice a day after meals is good for your illness.
饭后一天吃两次这副药对你的疾病有益.《期刊摘选》
55. minor/serious illnesses
小 / 重病《牛津词典》
56. Vitamin deficiency in the diet can cause illness.
饮食中缺乏维生素可能导致疾病。《牛津词典》
57. The doctor diagnosed my illness as a rare skin disease.
医生诊断我的病为罕见的皮肤病.《简明英汉词典》
58. The illness was diagnosed as cancer.
此病诊断为癌症。《牛津词典》
59. Conclusion Elderly brain disease with aspiration pneumonia has illness concealed , high mortality.
目的分析老年脑疾病并发吸入性肺炎的临床资料, 总结其临床特点.《期刊摘选》
60. mental illness
精神病《牛津词典》
61. I missed a lot of school through illness last year.
我去年因病耽误了很多功课。《牛津词典》
62. Her illness had a sobering effect on her.
她的疾病对她起了一种清醒作用.《期刊摘选》
63. A viral illness left her barely able to walk.
一场病毒引起的疾病使她走路十分困难。《牛津词典》
64. It has been linked to four infant deaths and illnesses in 6,200 others.
目前事件已导致4名婴幼儿死亡,6200人感染疾病.《期刊摘选》
65. It'll take her time to recover from the illness.
她康复需要时间。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
66. Humans and animals can spread disease even though they show no sign of illness themselves.
人和动物可以传播疾病,即使他们自己没有表现出患病迹象.《期刊摘选》
67. His illness is a result of breathing in paint fumes over many years.
他的病是多年吸入油漆气体引起的。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
68. The illness made her apathetic and unwilling to meet people.
疾病使她冷漠,不愿见人。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
69. The illness can be treated provided it's caught early enough.
此病若及早发现是可医治的。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
70. You may find it hard to accept your illness.
你可能觉得难以相信自己患病。《牛津词典》
71. Illness bereaved her of her husband.
疾病夺去了她的丈夫.《现代英汉综合大词典》
72. His illness had permanently weakened him.
疾病使他再也无法恢复体力.《期刊摘选》
73. It allows local, state and federal entities to track, control and ultimately prevent illness and death.
它让地方 、 州和联邦这些实体进行跟踪 、 控制并最终防止疾病和死亡的发生.《期刊摘选》
74. The term 'mental illness' is difficult to define.
“精神病”这个词很难下定义。《牛津词典》
75. The layperson cannot really understand mental illness.
外行不完全了解精神病。《牛津词典》
76. A mysterious illness is affecting all the animals.
一种奇怪的疾病正在侵袭所有的动物。《牛津词典》
77. He made a quick recovery from his illness and was soon back at work.
他生病后康复得很快,不久就去上班了.《简明英汉词典》
78. If untreated, the illness can become severe.
若不加以治疗,病情就可能会变得很严重。《牛津词典》
79. He's up and about again after his illness.
他病愈后又能起来活动了。《牛津词典》
80. Her father's illness left the family short of money.
他父亲的病使得全家缺钱。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
81. Many people suffer from mental illness at some point in their lives.
许多人在人生的某个阶段都会得精神病。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
82. She is still weak after her illness.
她病后仍然虚弱。《牛津词典》
83. Illness undermined his strength.
疾病逐渐削弱了他的力气.《简明英汉词典》
84. His illness had not stunted his creativity.
疾病没有扼杀他的创造力。《牛津词典》
85. A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness.
糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病。《牛津词典》
86. Her illness exempted her from the examination.
她因病而免试.《简明英汉词典》
87. It doesn't matter how you look at it, the market is oversold!
现在不管你怎麽看它 ﹐ 市场超卖!《期刊摘选》
88. His resistance to the illness was enhanced by the medicine.
这种药物增强了他对疾病的抵抗力.《期刊摘选》
89. If your child shows any signs of illness, take her to the doctor...
如果您的孩子出现任何患病症状,带她去看医生。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》
90. You certainly were unlucky to get that horrible illness.
你得了那种可怕的病当然是很不幸。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
91. Because of his illness, he would be better off in the south.
由于他身患疾病, 到南方去对他会好一些.《期刊摘选》
92. He felt weak after illness.
病愈后他感到虚弱.《现代英汉综合大词典》
93. The doctor thought the girl's illness should be kept back from her because it was cancer.
医生认为不能把病情告诉这个女孩,因为她得了癌症.《简明英汉词典》
94. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.
食物与疾病有关并不是新发现.《期刊摘选》
95. Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness.
医生们难以判定她的确切病因。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
96. Sleeping better may help fight off illness.
更好的睡眠可以帮助你抵抗疾病。《16年6月四级真题(第一套)| 听力》
97. Illness finds its way in by the mouth.
病从口入.《现代汉英综合大词典》
98. A very high temperature often denotes a serious illness.
高烧常常说明病得很重。《牛津词典》
99. As late as the 1950s, tuberculosis was still a fatal illness.
直到20世纪50年代,结核病仍然是一种致命的疾病。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
100. I am sorry to hear of your serious illness.
得悉病重,甚感难过.《现代汉英综合大词典》
实用例句
1. Mrs Jones, 58, said the Macmillan nurses had made dealing with her family's illness more bearable.
BBC: Call for cancer charity support
2. And then you would recover for a while, that initial phase of the illness would disappear, your fever might go down, you might appear to be normal.
接着你会暂时恢复,在开始阶段出现的症状会消失,你的体温会降下来,看起来似乎比较健康生物医学工程探索课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
3. He's recovering from intestinal surgery and an undisclosed illness that's treated as a state secret.
NPR: Castro Gives First TV Interview Since Illness
4. "There are reports from the surgeon general that only one in 11 Latinos with a mental illness seek a specialist."
VOA : standard.2010.07.22
5. He dodged military service by feigning illness.
他佯装生病逃避服兵役。
6. The transplant is used to get the patient past the critical stage of the illness.
BBC: Some liver transplants 'avoidable'
7. The reason is because there are two different approaches to deal with illness: one,the positive psychological approach is that the illness is the absence of health, as opposed to health is the absence of illness.
究其原因,是因为有两种不同的方法,对付疾病,一是积极心理学方法,它指的是,疾病相当于不健康,相对地,健康等于没疾病。幸福课课程节选 : 哈佛公开课
8. He died in hospital earlier this year of an illness thought to be cancer.
BBC: News
9. It is probably related to illness start by testing for strep or other active infections.
WSJ: Does Strep Throat Trigger Serious Ills?
10. Half of all long-term smokers will die from tobacco-related illness, which causes 100, 000 deaths a year.
BBC: '570 children a day' start smoking
11. They hope their story will reach someone who can help solve Billy's unexplained illness.
CNN: iReport: 'Billy's Disease' baffles doctors
12. Most players suffer through a flu-like illness or two at some point during the season.
WSJ: The Yanks Need Some Chicken Soup
13. In every anecdote, study and historical bite, Hustvedt searches for clues to her own illness.
CNN: Author makes peace with an undiagnosed illness
14. Some diplomats think that Mr Holkeri's illness has given them a welcome opportunity to replace him.
ECONOMIST: Kosovo's future
15. Thankfully, the illness began to recede.
幸运的是,病症开始消退了。
16. CDC spokesman Christopher Cox says though the idea is well-intentioned, it is not a good way to protect against serious illness.
VOA : standard.2009.12.18
17. Another problem is the absence of visible illness in poultry infected with the new virus.
FORBES: We're Not Prepared For China's Deadly Bird Flu
18. The 31-year-old has not played international cricket in almost a year because of a stress-related illness.
BBC: Trescothick reveals England fear
19. This is what terrifies many Americans, disabled and elderly, who live with chronic and disabling illness.
FORBES: Does Obamacare really cut Medicare Benefits to Senior Citizens?
20. Psychology is not just about illness or health; it is about work,education,insight,love,growth,and play.
心理学关注的不仅仅是疾病或健康状况;,还包括工作,教育,洞察力,爱,成长和玩乐。幸福课课程节选 : 哈佛公开课
21. But the last thing I remember I was going to bed from my fatal illness on the Isle of Elba.
但我最后的记忆就是在厄尔巴岛的病榻上。死亡课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
22. Consider meningococcal disease, a rare but devastating bacteria-caused illness that primarily affects infants and children.
FORBES: Immunizing Bureaucrats Against Complacency
23. Doctors will come to your house for a small fee and diagnose your illness.
FORBES: A Policy Area In Which Europe Has The U.S. Beat, And It's Not Even Close
24. The playwright and author Francis Durbridge has died at his London home following a long illness.
BBC: Veteran BBC playwright dies
25. Later,when penicillin was widely available, the researchers denied the men the drug that could have cured their illness.
VOA : special.2010.07.21
26. Syed had no criminal history and no history of mental illness or mental disability, said Lt.
NPR: Official: Calif. Gunman Was Loner, 'Gamer'
27. We then have to get down to facts about cases, try to describe the instance, perhaps somebody who's in the terminal stages of some illness where they're in a great deal of pain.
然后我们要区分各种情况,尝试描述某个特定的例子,也许某人在某种疾病的晚期,他们在承受巨大的痛苦。死亡课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
28. And the claim that psychoanalysis proves itself by being- by its tremendous success in curing mental illness is also almost certainly not true.
对于精神分析,通过在治疗心理疾病方面获得的巨大成功,证明了其理论的正确性,这个观点当然也是不对的。心理学导论课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
29. Mild to moderate mental illness also nearly doubled, from 9.7 percent to 19.9 percent.
NPR: Mental Issues Surge, Suicide Rates Flat Post-Katrina
30. I had just gotten over a serious illness that I won't bother to talk about except that it had something to do with the miserably weary splitting up and my feeling that everything was dead.
我刚熬过一场重大疾病,具体就不说了,只是这与我和妻子不幸的分离有些关系,我感觉万物都没有了生机。1945年后的美国小说课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
31. In fact, almost everyone with a serious mental illness is legally responsible for their actions.
FORBES: Holmes Wants to Plead Insanity For Colorado Theater Shooting. What Does Insanity Mean?
32. Paul Jenkins, head of Rethink Mental Illness, was also a member of the commission.
BBC: 'Catastrophic failings' in schizophrenia care
33. Moreover, you might get hit by an illness and then you could be in desperate trouble that you will die unless you get some kind of emergency care, which might be very expensive.
还有,你可能染上重病,并且深陷绝境,以致你会因此而死去,除非你能获得异常昂贵的,紧急护理。金融市场课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
34. Doctors are required to fully inform a patient about his or her illness.
VOA : special.2010.07.21
35. More than 2,000 times last year, counterfeit medicines caused illness and death, according to the Pharmaceutical Security Institute,a watchdog group.
VOA : standard.2010.06.07
36. She lived in New York for a short time, but she was afflicted with lupus, a very serious illness, and she died at the age of 39 in 1964.
她在纽约度过一段短暂的时光,但她饱受狼疮,一种严重疾病的折磨,最终逝世于1964年。1945年后的美国小说课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
37. In fact,Science magazine recognized the discovery of "genes for mental illness" as the number two "Breakthrough of the Year."
VOA : special.2009.06.24
38. Manic-depressive illness affects men and women equally.
男女患躁狂抑郁症的几率均等。
39. We want to know as curious people how children learn language, what we find attractive or unattractive, and what's the basis for mental illness.
人类的好奇心驱使我们去探索,儿童如何学习语言,什么会被感知为迷人或丑陋,心理疾病的成因又是什么心理学导论课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
40. But Amanda has not let the illness stop her doing what she wants to do.
BBC: 'I'm lucky to have survived pancreatic cancer'
41. Diabetes is a chronic, life-threatening illness that touches Americans of every age, ethnicity, and background.
WHITEHOUSE: The White House
42. It is a stigmatized illness.
这是一种见不得人的病。
43. Elyn Saks is a legal expert who works to expand the rights of people with severe mental illness.
VOA : special.2009.10.02
44. Since the outbreak began in November, 77 people have needed hospital treatment for the illness.
BBC: South West Wales
45. The Opus 110 Sonata reflects a terrible illness Beethoven endured, and his gratitude at recovering.
WSJ: Plumbing the Depths of Beethoven | Richard Goode | Cultural Conversation by Stuart Isacoff
46. Take away the illness. You'll become healthy. It's good.
把病治好,就会变得健康,这很好。幸福课课程节选 : 哈佛公开课
47. These topics are sleep, laughter, and religion, mental illness, two lectures on madness, what can go wrong in your minds, and a last lecture on happiness.
这些话题包括,睡眠,笑,宗教,精神疾病,我们会用两节课讲精神病,也就是你的脑子会出什么毛病,最后一节课讲幸福。心理学导论课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
48. We're all made stronger when we help one another in times of crisis, including terrible illness.
FORBES: Fact and Comment
49. Despite the constant anxiety, Barry thinks there have been some benefits from the long illness.
FORBES: When Illness Strikes
50. There is some reason to believe that in the population known as "psychopaths," a population we'll return to later on when we discuss mental illness, this sort of instinctive empathy is broken and the pain of others just doesn't bother them very much.
我们有理由相信,在一类被称为“精神变态者“的人当中“,我们以后会继续讨论这类人,当我们讲到精神疾病时,他们就没有这种本能的移情,他们对别人的痛苦无动于衷。心理学导论课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
51. And he suffered from injuries and illness that reportedly led him to take many kinds of pain-killing medicines.
VOA : special.2009.07.05
52. He hasn't fully recovered from his illness.
他还没有从疾病中完全恢复过来。
53. For many years, Mister Graham suffered from mental illness.
VOA : special.2009.04.26
54. This is very different from the disease model that says, " "Ok,you are unwell. Deal with that illness."
这和疾病模型所说的有很大不同,“好,你不舒服,那就治病去吧“幸福课课程节选 : 哈佛公开课
55. "In fact 75% of our patients have a weight-related illness contributing to their disease, " he said.
BBC: 'Tsunami' of obesity-related disease warning for NI
56. Gomez explains that many Latino immigrant families see mental illness as a moral failure, a problem to be hidden.
VOA : standard.2010.07.22
57. They're theories of everything, encompassing just about everything that matters, day-to-day life, child development, mental illness, religion, war, love.
它们试图对世间的一切做出解释,包括了日常生活,儿童发展,心理疾病,宗教,战争及爱情。心理学导论课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
58. He was placed in a mental hospital and told he had a severe mental illness.
VOA : special.2010.04.14
59. For the last 200 years, neither overfishing, illness or climate change stopped the oyster industry in the Gulf of Mexico.
VOA : standard.2010.07.13
60. And there is clinical, which is maybe the aspect of psychology that people think of immediately when they hear psychology, which is the study of mental health and mental illness.
最后就是临床心理学,这也许是当人们提到心理学时,最先想到的方面,它主要研究心理健康和心理疾病心理学导论课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课
61. Homosexuality, once considered a mental illness, was eliminated from the DSM in 1973.
FORBES: The Mysterious California Case of a Bank Robber Turned Explosives Hoarder
62. Dr.Mark Hamer of University College London says previous research found that smokers have a higher rate of mental illness, specifically depression.
VOA : standard.2010.06.15
63. Sounds eminently fair, especially for serious mental illness of the sort Minnesota cited in its suit.
FORBES: Asylum for The Insane
64. No matter what happens in women's lives divorce, layoffs, illness, ambivalence egg freezing can come to the rescue.
WSJ: Why I Froze My Eggs (And You Should, Too)
65. They believed scientists could study this illness to understand its causes and find a cure.
VOA : special.2010.07.21