关于一个句子中出现多个时态的疑问
2024-12-24 16:50:00 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
给位老师好！我在阅读英文小说时有时会遇见一个中出现多个时态的情况，比如：
1. Silas continued, in his voice like velvet, “You had parents. An older sister. They were killed. I believe that you were to have been killed as well, and that you were not was due to chance, and the intervention of the Owenses.”
2. Silas said, “No one is trying to kill you. Not right now. There are a lot of things they are not going to be doing, not any longer. So, yes. What would you like to eat?”
请问这种情况怎么分析？
老师答疑
刘老师：
英文小说跟中文小说，在表达手法上是一致的。作家常用的表现手法之一，就是“夹叙夹议”，叙述中带有评论，表明自己的观点。还有，文中经常出现“直接引语”，引用角色的对话，即加引号的部分。这就出现了所谓时态上的“不一致”。例如你问题中的句子，都是直接引语：
1. Silas continued, in his voice like velvet, “You had parents. An older sister. They were killed. I believe that you were to have been killed as well, and that you were not was due to chance, and the intervention of the Owenses.”
2. Silas said, “No one is trying to kill you. Not right now. There are a lot of things they are not going to be doing, not any longer. So, yes. What would you like to eat?”
第一句，I believe that you were to have been killed as well...：说话人在当时表达自己的看法或观点，用一般现在时，其从句时态的时态可以不受影响：“我（现在）认为，你当时本也会丧命的...”。第二句更是没有问题的，都是现在时间范畴。would like to 不表示过去，而是指一个人现在想要做什么。
1. 关于时态的时间范畴问题
(1) 属于现在时间范畴的时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般将来时，等等。
这几种时态表达的概念与现在时间有关。
(2) 属于过去时间范畴的时态：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时，等等。
这几种时态表达的概念与过去时间有关。
2. 关于时态的呼应
▲ 如果主句谓语动词是过去时，那么宾语从句的时态也要用过去时间的时态，这种现象叫 “时态呼应”。例如：
He said he understood it. 他说他懂了。
She wasn’t sure whether you were watching TV. 她不敢肯定你是否在看电视。
He told me he had graduated from middle school two years before. 他告诉我他两年前就中学毕业了。
The boy said he would do anything for his own country. 小孩说他为自己的祖国愿做任何事。
Tom saw a girl come to him when he was sitting there. 汤姆正坐在那儿时，看见一个女孩向他走来。
▲ 当主句的谓语动词是现在时，宾语从句的时态可以不受限制，根据需要使用不同的时态。例如：
I believe I was very lucky to get that job. 我想我很幸运得到这件工作。
We wonder who built that old bridge. 我们不知道是谁建造的那座古桥。
I remember that she was crying when I got home. 我记得当我回家时她正在哭。
You will notice that this word has several meanings. 你会注意到那个单词有几种意义。
I know that she will regret for her mistake. 我知道她将为她的错误而后悔。
陈老师：
(1)be to have done 结构含义如下
A:表示本应该，本计划，本打算，本应该也做了某事，实际上没有做。
We were to have told you about it, but you were not in.
我们把打算告诉你的这件事，但是你不在家。
B:属于虚拟条件句过去虚拟假设一种变体。
If you were to have asked me, I would have been only too willing to help.
=If you had asked me, I would have been only too willing to help.
如果你当时问我了，我会非常乐意帮助你。
(2)be going to be doing=will be doing 属于将来进行时态结构用法。
表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
She'll be coming soon. 她等会就来了。
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future.
未来某天我会和他见面的。
This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
明天的这个时间，他们正坐在电影院。 （将来的某时正在进行的动作）
What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
明天晚上六点你将在干什么？
He won’t be coming to the party.
他将不去参加聚会了。
I’ll be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time.
我明天/下一年/某个时间将去见他。
将来进行时态几种用法
（1）表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。
What will you be doing at this time next Monday?
星期一的这个时间你会干什么？
When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.
明天他来我家时，我将会在写报告。
(2)表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.
(3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。
Tomorrow I will be flying to Beijing.
After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.
(4)表示委婉的请求
When shall we be meeting again.
到那时我们将会再见面的.
(5)表示原因
Please come tomorrow afternoon .Tomorrow morning, I'll be having a meeting.
你明天下午来吧,明天早上我将会参加一个会议.,
(6)表示结果
Stop the child or he will be falling over.
保住孩子，他要脸朝下跌倒。
(7)表示对将来的打算（区别于对将来的预测）
My duties will end in July, and I'll be returning to ShangHai.
六月份我的任务就结束了,我打算返回上海.
