strike down和sudden death的用法疑问

问题描述

Not one of them has been struck down by sudden death.

老师您好，问题如下：

1. not 在not one of them 中做副词吗？修饰名词短语one of them？副词修饰名词的用法没怎么见过。

2. strike down意为：突然病倒/死去，然而本句后面 又加by sudden death这样是否重复啰嗦呢?

盼复，感谢！

老师答疑

刘老师：

Not one of them has been struck down by sudden death.

【翻译】他们中没有一人被突如其来的意外死亡所击倒（吓倒）。（指心理承受能力）

【答】这实际是一个被动句，由by引出主动语态的施事者。变成主动语态为：Sudden death has struck down none of them.（注：原来陈老师解答说by sudden death 是原因状语。）

1. not 是否定副词，一般修饰动词，形容词、副词等。也可修饰带有数量范围的词语，例如：not a, not one, not many, not all,not every 等。

Not a single man can do it. 没有一个人能够做。

Not one of the workers felt like having a rest. 工人们谁也不休息一下。

Not all the students study hard. 并非所有的学生都用功念书。

not one = no one = none （注：none是no和one的合成词，两个o重合取一个。但no one 不跟of连用，不说no one of them，可说：none of them）

2. strike down既有“击倒”，也有“死亡”的含义，当跟by sudden death 连用时，意义取其前者，免得重复。英语词语的意义是在语境中确定的，不是一成不变的。

陈老师：

Not one of them has been struck down by sudden death.

老师您好，问题如下：

1. not 在not one of them 中做副词吗？修饰名词短语one of them？副词修饰名词的用法没怎么见过。

2. strike down意为：突然病倒/死去，然而本句后面 又加by sudden death这样是否重复啰嗦呢?

盼复，感谢

回答如下：

【参考译文】他们中没有一个是被突然死亡/出于意料的死亡而被击倒/被击垮的。

以上句法语法结构分析如下：

主语:not one of them(他们中没有一个）

谓语：has been struck down(被击倒/被击垮）

状语：by sudden death（突然发生的死亡；未预见到的死亡/出乎意料死亡）

重点短语解释归纳如下：

【1】not one of them=none of them 他们中没有一个

【2】not one=not a=not any=none 没有一个

【3】be struck down by sth 被....击倒/被....摧垮

【4】strike down摧垮;使病倒;使丧命

【5】by sudden death 被猝死

【6】sudden death暴死，突然死亡法; 猝死; 急死;出于意料的死亡

【7】sudden  突然的

【8】death  死亡

【1】strike down摧垮;使病倒;使丧命

Frank had been struck down by a massive heart attack.  

弗兰克的身体已经被一场严重的心脏病拖垮了。

a great sporting hero, struck down at 49.  

在 49 岁时因病逝世的一个了不起的体坛英雄人物。

【2】strike down废止，取缔，终结(非法的法律或规定)

The Supreme Court today struck down a law that prevents criminals from profiting from books or movies about their crimes.  

最高法院今天废止了一项关于禁止罪犯把其罪行写成书或拍成电影而从中牟利的法。

【1】Sudden Death绝命杀阵; [电影]突然死亡;

He had been deeply affected by the sudden death of his father-in-law.  

岳父的猝死使他十分伤心。

Twenty games have gone to sudden death—a new cup record.  

已经有20场比赛是靠突然死亡法决出的胜负——创下了杯赛的一项新纪录。

He beat Bernhard Langer at the second hole of a sudden death play-off.  

他在采取突然死亡法的加时赛第二洞比赛中击败了贝恩哈德·蓝格。

The insurance policy covers sudden death or disablement.  

保险单为突然死亡或伤残保险。

Her sudden death left the party leaderless.  

她的猝然去世使该党陷入群龙无首的境地。

a sudden-death play-off in golf  

高尔夫球突然死亡法加赛

His sudden death came as a bolt from the blue.  

他的突然去世犹如晴天霹雳.

He died a sudden death in a Kansas car crash in 1940.  

1940年,他在堪萨斯州死于车祸.

We were shattered to hear of her sudden death.  

听到她突然死亡的消息我们十分震惊.

There had to be an inquest on his sudden death.  

必须对他的突然死亡进行调查.

His sudden death reduced the family to poverty.  

他突然去世使家庭陷入贫困.

They won the match after a sudden - death play - off.  

他们在加时赛中以突然死亡法赢得了比赛.

 Her father's sudden death astonished her.  

父亲突然逝世使她大为震惊.

His sudden death rocked the village.  

他的突然死亡震惊了全村.

The title was decided by a sudden - death play - off.  

冠军是由突然死亡法的加时赛决定的.

He beat Bernhard Langer at the second hole of a sudden death play-off.  

他在采取突然死亡法的加时赛第二洞比赛中击败了贝恩哈德·蓝格。

句子原文出处如下：

A number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck, if he picks a leaf, he will die, Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims .The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused, he has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of inocme, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far , not one of them them has been struck down by sudden death!

特别注意一下2点

关于短语sudden death 有以下2种意思

【1】暴死; 猝死; 急死;突然死亡（基本意义用法）

He had been deeply affected by the sudden death of his father-in-law.  

岳父的猝死使他十分伤心。

The insurance policy covers sudden death or disablement.  

保险单为突然死亡或伤残保险。

Her sudden death left the party leaderless.  

她的猝然去世使该党陷入群龙无首的境地。

His sudden death came as a bolt from the blue.  

他的突然去世犹如晴天霹雳.

He died a sudden death in a Kansas car crash in 1940.  

1940年,他在堪萨斯州死于车祸.

We were shattered to hear of her sudden death.  

听到她突然死亡的消息我们十分震惊.

There had to be an inquest on his sudden death.  

必须对他的突然死亡进行调查.

His sudden death reduced the family to poverty.  

他突然去世使家庭陷入贫困.

 Her father's sudden death astonished her.  

父亲突然逝世使她大为震惊.

His sudden death rocked the village.  

他的突然死亡震惊了全村.

【2】突然死亡法(比赛出现平局时在加时赛中先得分者即为胜方)（引申意义用法）

They won the match after a sudden - death play - off.  

他们在加时赛中以突然死亡法赢得了比赛.

Twenty games have gone to sudden death—a new cup record...  

已经有 20 场比赛是靠突然死亡法决出的胜负——创下了杯赛的一项新纪录。

He beat Bernhard Langer at the second hole of a sudden death play-off.  

他在采取突然死亡法的加时赛第二洞比赛中击败了贝恩哈德·蓝格。

W老师：

关于 sudden death 的理解，我与前面两位老师的看法有所不同：

我觉得这里的sudden death 是指比赛中的“突然死亡法”“先得分者即为胜的加时赛”，即因胜负未决而延长比赛时，加赛一分或一场以决胜负（= deciding the result of a drawn or tied game by playing one more point or game）。如：

If no one scores in the next five minutes the game will go to sudden death. 如果再过五分钟没有人得分，比赛将采用突然死亡法决定胜负。

原句的意思可能是：

Not one of them has been struck down by sudden death. 他们当中没有一个被先得分者即为胜的加时赛所吓倒。

注：表示此意义的 sudden death 是不可数名词，且其前不用物主代词。

黄老师：

陈老师把句子翻译成“他们之中没有一个是因猝死而倒下的”很难理解。无法想像“不因猝死而倒下”，这不合情理吧。