当主句含有动词do时作表语的动词用不定式还是动名词
2024-11-15 14:50:31 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
All you ever want to do is going shopping with your friends. Don’t you have any other hobbies?
请问上面句子中 going shopping 用得对吗?感觉应该用不定式吧?即:
All you ever want to do is (to) go shopping with your friends. Don’t you have any other hobbies?
老师答疑
曹老师:
All you ever want to do is going shopping with your friends. Don’t you have any other hobbies?
解答:
从蒋老师的解答中得知此句曾为北京的考试题。出题人显然试图考查学生对动名词和不定式用法的掌握情况。一般说来,不定式用表示将来的还没有发生的一次性事件,而动名词多用于已经发生过的事件,或不含时间意义的抽象概念。如:I like swimming.动名词表示爱好。I remember seeing him before. 动名词表示谓语动作之前发生过的事件。I would like to swim this afternoon. 不定式表示谓语动过时间尚未发生的一次性动作。鉴于此,出题人设计了这道题。ever在肯定句可以表示at all times, always的意义。在加上后句又问:Don't you have any other hobbies? 强烈暗示此处的go shopping不是一次性事件,而是爱好、习惯。因此期待学生选用动名词,而不是不定式。
但《牛津高级词典》第8版ever项下列举了这样的惯用法和例句:
Idioms:
"all somebody ever does is..."used to emphasize that somebody does the same thing very often, usually in an annoying way.
即all sb ever does is...这个惯用句型用来表示某人经常做同样的事情(往往令人感到讨厌)。词典给出的例句如下,表语用的是不带to的不定式,而不是动名词。
All he ever does is grumble about things.
我们不能轻易怀疑词典例句的正确性。但对出题人关于此惯用句型的理解却可以怀疑。
很多语法书指出,当主句含有动词do(无论是谓语还是非谓语动词),作表语的不定式通常可省略to(带to也不错,只是不常用)。
但当do为进行体时,表语通常用动名词表示。如:
All I did was empty the bottle.
What he has done is (to) spoil the whole thing.
What he's doing is spoiling the whole thing.
通过以上分析,我认为上述问题句中用不带to的不定式肯定是没有错的,尽管出题人暗示此处的go shopping是指习惯或爱好。(词典例句可以证明)
相反,主语部分有不定式to do,表语用动名词这种用法的合理性或正确性还有待证明。
陈老师:
All you ever want to do is going shopping with your friends. Don’t you have any other hobbies?
请问上面句子中 going shopping 用得对吗?感觉应该用不定式吧?即:
All you ever want to do is (to) go shopping with your friends. Don’t you have any other hobbies?
回答如下:
应该使用不定式作表语的结构,由于前面有do的形式,即需要使用省略不定式to的不定式作句子表语更为妥当,即直接以动词原形开头就可以了。
All (that)you ever want to do is (to) go shopping with your friends. Don't you have another hobbies?(定语从句)
由于all that.. =what 因此还可以改写为下面主语从句
=What you ever want to do is (to) go shopping with your friends.Don't you have any other hobbies?(主语从句)
【参考译文】你永远想做的事情就是和你朋友们一起去购物,难道您还有一些其它的爱好吗?
蒋老师:
我觉得网友的句子没有问题,完全可以用 going shopping 的。
All you ever want to do is going shopping with your friends. Don’t you have any other hobbies?
比如2002年的北京春季高考英语试题中就有这样一题(与网友的句子高度相似):
A: You’re always working. Come on, let’s go shopping.
B: All you ever want to do is going shopping. (2002北京春季卷)