was built facing south中的现在分词如何理解

问题描述

Nearly every great building in Beijing was built ______ south.

(A) to face

(B) facing

(C) to have faced

(D) being facing

答案是 B，按照《赖氏经典英语语法》里面的语法规则，was built face 的话，就有两个谓语动词了，所以第二个 face 就要变成非谓语；又由于这里属于主动动作，所以用facing。

但是按一般语法来说，这里又解释为现在分词作状语。

两个说法都对，但是还是让人无法理解这里的 facing 是个什么用法，麻烦前辈再帮我分析下！

老师答疑

刘老师：

Nearly every great building in Beijing was built facing south.

我认为，该句中的现在分词短语facing south，应理解为方式状语，说明谓语动词“建造”（was built）的“方式”，而非“伴随”。

English expert 认为是“伴随状语”，我认为不妥。这是很明显的方式状语。此外，把句子转换为faced south 跟was built并列，似乎更不妥！先说“房子建造完”然后再说“面朝南”？

有时候，分词短语作“伴随”或“方式”状语，两者兼而有之。例如：

The teacher entered the classroom followed by some students.

老师进入教室，后面跟着一些学生。

followed by some students：可以理解为“老师进入教室时的伴随情况”；也可以理解为“老师进入教室时的方式”，即：不是独自一人，而是别人跟着。

陈老师：

Nearly every great building in Beijing was built ______ south.

(A) to face

(B) facing

(C) to have faced

(D) being facing

回答如下

答案为B facing 作方式状语，可以改为由并列连词and连接两个并列谓语

Nearly every great building in Beijing was built facing south.

= Nearly every great building in Beijing was built by means of facing the south.

=It faced south when nearly every great building in Beijing was built.

=Nearly every every great building in Beijing was built and it faced south.

=Nearly every great building in Beijing was built as it faced south.

中文意思：几乎北京每栋大楼都是朝南这个方向建造/修建的.

face vt.面向;面对;朝着

They stood facing each other.

他们面对面站着。

The garden faces south.

花园朝南。

She stood up from the table and faced him.

她从桌前站起来，面对着他。

Stand up. Face the wall. 

起立，面向墙壁。

Do you wake up every morning _______ energetic and ready to start a new day?

（A）feel      

（B）to feel     

（C）feeling      

（D）felt

回答如下

答案为C  feeling 作伴随状语，可以改为由并列连词and连接两个并列谓语

Do you wake up every morning  feeling energetic and ready to start a new day?

= Do you wake up every morning and feel energetic and ready to start a new day?

中文意思：你每天早上醒来都感觉精力充沛并开始新的一天生活吗？

  关于现在分词作状语语法专题讲座

【一】关于现在分词作状语可以归纳为以下几类(现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须为句子主语)

【二】关于现在分词作状语可以归纳为以下几类(现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须为句子主语)

特别备注：现在分词作状语必须满足以下几个条件(非常重要必须理解掌握！！！）

(1)现在分词逻辑主语 必须是句子主语

(2)现在分词逻辑主语和现在分词所表示动作必须是一种逻辑上主谓关系

(3)如果现在分词所表示动作与句子谓语动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生，则使用现在分词一般式结构即doing结构

(4)如果现在分词所表示动作在句子谓语动作同时之前发生，则使用现在分词完成式结构即doing结构，即having done

(5)方式状语和伴随状语不能转化为与之对应从句，其它都可以转化与之相对应的从句.（但是方式状语和伴随可以转化and连接并列句）

【1】时间状语 相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末

Seeing their teacher, the students stood up.

=When they saw their teacher,the students stood up

Having finished their homework, they went home.

=After they had finished their homework, they went home.

Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.

Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.

=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.

(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.

= When he heard the news, he got frightened.

Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.

=After he had eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.

Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.

Having received his letter, I decided to write back.

【2】原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末.

Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.

=Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school

Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.

Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.  

Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.

Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.

Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.

【3】条件状语   相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首

Working harder at English, you will make greater progress.

= If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress

Listening to English every day （If you listen to English every day）， you’ll learn it well step by step.

Using your head, you’ll find a good way. 

Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.

Working hard, you'll succeed.

Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.

Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.

【4】让步状语 相当于although,though,even if,even though引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首

Feeling tired, they kept running.

=Although they felt tired, they kept running

Working so hard, he failed again.

Living miles away, he attended the course.

= Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

=Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

【5】方式状语分词等于介词by means of 或者with引起的方式状语或and并列的两个谓语动词

He came running back to tell me the news.

=He came back to tell me the news by means of running.

The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.

=The children ran out of the room and laughed and talked merrily.

They eat using the fingers of their right hands.

=They eat with the fingers of their right hands.

He earns a living driving a truck.

=He earns a living by means of driving a truck.

【6】做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句

The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking.

= The children came into the classroom and they laughed and talked.

Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.

= Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.    

The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch.

All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.

The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.

He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.

They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.

He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.

Don't you sit there doing nothing.

备注：伴随状语，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。

【7】做结果状语（现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性（自然结果）

There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.

= There is mud and water everywhere, which makes it difficult to travel from place to place.

He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.

=He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very angry.

=He comes home late every evening and it makes his wife very angry.

Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry.

European football is played in more than80countries,making it one of the most popular games inthe world.

The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.

Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

She threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.

The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song

The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.

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