独立主格结构的否定式问题（Weather not permitting）
2024-11-21 11:11:52 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
请问老师，独立主格结构有无否定式呢? 比如：
Weather permitting, I can got to the park.
下面这句对吗？
Weather not permitting, I cannot go to the park.
老师答疑
刘老师：
Weather not permitting, I cannot go to the park.（误）
独立主格结构，一般没有否定式。否定可以出现在逻辑主语上面，使用否定意义的不定代词。例如：
Nobody accompanying her, she felf very lonely.
由于没有人陪着她，她感到很孤独。
其实，我们可以使用“without复合结构”取而代之，以弥补独立主格结构结构在这方面的不足。例如：without + 宾语 + 现在分词
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 在没人注意之下，他从窗户溜了进来。
The little girl always felt lonely without her mother accompanying her. 那小女孩没有母亲的陪伴总感孤独。
The robber rushed into the room without anybody stopping him. 在没人阻拦他的情况下，抢劫犯冲进房间。
He kept the money without anyone knowing where it was. 他把钱放在了没有人知道的地方。
The boy stole away without anyone seeing him. 那男孩子悄悄地走了，谁也没看见。
陈老师：
独立主格结构：逻辑主语+逻辑谓语,在句子只能作状语成分(时间状语/条件状语/原因状语/伴随状语）。
逻辑主语：由名词/代词充当
逻辑谓语：由以下几种形式充当
A:非谓语动词(现在分词，过去分词，不定式）
B:名词
C:形容词
D:副词
E:介词短语
(1)否定谓语动词，用否定助动词（don't /doesn't/didn't)
(2)否定非谓语动词，用否定副词(not)
Weather not permitting, I cannot go to the park.
=If weather doesn't permit, I can not to go the park.
Weather permitting, I can go to the park.
=If weather permits , I can go to the park.
(1)名词（代词） 现在分词
The question being settled, we went home.
问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.
明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.
班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
(2)名词（代词） 过去分词
The job finished, we went home.
工作结束后我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。
More time given, we should have done the job much better.
假如给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
(3)名词（代词） 不定式
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.
假如明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
(4)名词（代词） 介词短语
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.
士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
A girl came in, book in hand.
一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back.
他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。
(5)名词（代词） 形容词或副词
He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.
他坐在前排，嘴半开着。
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter.
她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，预备开始写一封长信。
(6) There being 名词（代词）
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
没有再要讨论的事了，我公布散会。
(7)It being 名词（代词）
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.
由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
(备注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with）
Don’t sleep with the windows open.
别开着窗睡觉。
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
他低着头站在老师面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
他和衣躺在床上。
She came in with a book in her hand.
她手里拿着一本书走了进来。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
他没熄灯就睡着了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。
He sat there with his eyes closed.
他闭目坐在那儿。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
蒋老师：
这是一个有趣的问题！
在我的印象中，独立主格结构是不用否定式的。
我查了手头一些资料，没有查到独立主格结构用否定式的于说明或例子。
English Expert 认为，独立主格结构可以否定式，不知是否有相关权威的出处。若有，请与大家分享，谢谢！
同时希望有更多老师参加讨论！
