英语里能用现在时表将来的情形能否转移至过去

问题描述

英语里可以说：

I hope he feel well tomorrow.

I don't care what they are doing tomorrow.

那能不能全部转移至过去表示过去将来呢？

I hoped he felt well the next day.

I didn't care what they were doing the next day.

如若可以，那能不能说：

The bus left before I arrived at the station.

老师答疑

刘老师：

I hope he feels well tomorrow. （正确）

I don't care what they are doing tomorrow.（正确）

那能不能全部转移至过去表示过去将来呢？

I hoped he felt well the next day. （正确）

I didn't care what they were doing the next day. （正确）

如若可以，那能不能说：

The bus left before I arrived at the station. （正确）

蒋老师：

我的看法与陈老师的观点有所不同。陈老师认为五个句子均“不妥当”，但我认为网友所列的五个句子至少有三个（第1、2、5句）肯定是正确的，另外两句（第3、4句）我个人认为是正确的，但没有找到相关的权威例句作参考，希望各位朋友予以补充。

1. 关于 hope 后面从句的时态：如果从句是表示将来意思，既可以用一般现在时也可以用一般将来时。如：

I hope you get a chance to relax. 希望你有机会松弛一下。

I hope we meet again some day. 希望我们将来有一天再见面。

I hope the rain holds off for the wedding. 我希望等婚礼结束之后再下雨。

I hope he doesn’t get in with the wrong crowd. 我希望他不要和不良分子结交。

以上例句均来自词典（从句均用一般现在时表示将来意义），其正确性是不用怀疑的。至于 hoped 后面是不是也可以用一般过去时代替过去将来时，我没有在词典上查到相关例句，但据我个人理解，应该是可以的。期盼各位老师补充。

2. 关于 (don’t) care 后面从句的时态：与 hope 的用法相同。如：

I don’t care what happens to the money. 我不在乎这笔钱会是什么下落。

Take care what you say — he’s very sensitive. 你说话要小心点——他非常敏感。

I don’t care what they ask me if it helps them find the real killer. 如果能帮他们找到真正的凶手，我不在乎他们会问我什么。

以上例句也均来自词典（从句均用一般现在时表示将来意义），其正确性也不用怀疑。但 (don’t) care 后面是不是也可以用一般过去时代替过去将来时，我也没有在词典上查到相关例句，但据我个人理解，也应该是可以的。期盼各位老师补充。

3. 关于 before 从句与主句的时态：当before 引导一个谓语动词为过去时的时间状语从句时，若主句动作发生在从句动作之前，按理说，主句应该用过去完成时，但由于 before 已清楚地表示了动作的先后关系，也完全可以用一般过去时。如：

We had dinner before they arrived. 他们到达之前我们吃的饭。

He cleared out before the police arrived. 警察尚未来到，他就急忙溜掉了。

He lay injured for four hours before help arrived. 他受伤4 个小时后才得到救治。

We had to wait some time before the bus arrived. 我们等了一段时间后公交车才到。 

陈老师：

但是有一点不懂的是 时态前移之后这句话

The bus left before I arrived at the station.

=最好改为：The bus had left before I arrived at the station.

在我达到车站之前，汽车早早就离开了。

（为什么意思就是这个人最后到了呢？）

用一般现在时：

The bus will leave before I arrive at the station. 

=这句话，我在到达之前，汽车将会离开.在讲这句话语境是：2个动作都还没有发生，都属于将来时态！

这句话的语境应该是这样：

例如：汽车大发车离开时间为下午4点钟，但是从句的主语目前离车站还有100公里距离，而且在当前时间已经为下午3：30分，100公里距离需要行驶1个小时，（如果主语到达车站时间将会是4：30分，很显然那个时候车已经离开）这个时候从句主语就可以说：在我达到车站之前，汽车将会离开。

例如：如果你是6点到达车站，汽车会在6点之前离开.

如果是主语的回忆所讲的话需要使用下面的句子

The bus had left before I arrived.

(整个事件已经发生且完成了。）

这句就是说的将来到，并不知道将来到没到啊

英语里可以说：

(1) I hope he feel(s) well tomorrow.(good)

A:I hope he can feel well tomorrow(better)

B:I hope he will feel well tomorrow(better)

（备注：hope that 宾语从句表示主语”主观上一种可以实现的愿望和想法，因此从陈述语气表达.）

（备注:wish that 从句表示一种客观上难以实现愿望/祝愿，因此常用虚拟语气表达）

(2)I don't care what they are doing tomorrow.(good)

A:I don't care what they will do tomorrow(better)

B:I don't care what they will be doing tomorrow(better)

那能不能全部转移至过去表示过去将来呢？

I hoped he felt well the next day.(good)

I hoped that he would feel the next day.(better)

I hoped that he was going to feel well the next day(better)

I didn't care what they were doing the next day.

如若可以，那能不能说：

The bus left before I arrived at the station(good)

The bus had left before I arrived at the station(better)

回答如下

以上句子虽然也正确，但最好改为以下句子

(1)I hope that he will feel well tomorrow.

(2)I don't care what they will do tomorrow.

(3)I hoped that he would feel well the next day.

(4)I didn't care what they would do the next day.

(5)The bus had left before I arrived at the station.

宾语从句的时态（即主句和从句时正确态选用和解决方案如下：）

（一）如果主句的时态是一般现在时或者一般将来时态，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。1.如果主句动词为一般现在时态，从句可以根据实际语境情况选用（任何正确的合适）的时态，如果从句动作表示客观事实或者（现阶段）经常反复发生动作或者现在的状态则从句也用一般现在时.如果从句表示（过去时间阶段/）经常反复发生动作或者状态，（或者从句描述为一个过去时间发生动作）还可以用一般过去时态

 I don’t think (that) you are right.

 Please tell us where he is.

He says that he often went fishing when he was a small boy.

I know that you don’t like what I think at all.

I know that he didn’t tell you that he would come then.

 She says that she works from Monday to Friday.(从句为一般现在）

 Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

2.如果主句为一般现在时态，且从句表示一个将要发生的动作或者还未发生动作，则从句用一般将来时态.（记忆方法：规律：主现从将）

 She says that she will leave a message on his desk.

3.如果主句为一般现在时态，且主句动作已经发生且完成或者是说以前的情况，则从句现在完成时态.

 She says that she has never been to Beijing .

 He says that he has finished his work.

Tom says that he has seen the film.

（二）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，

过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。

主句为一般过去式，且从句动作也是表示过去或者有表示过去时间状语，则从句也用一般过去式
He asked what time it was.

He told me that she bought the computer in 2005.

He said that there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

I only knew that he was studying in a western country, but I didn’t know which country he was in.

如果主句为一般过去式，且从句动作表示正在发生/进行动作，则从句用过去进行式.
  He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

 He said that they were having a meeting at that time.

如果主句为一般过去式，且从句表示动作在主句动作之前发生，则从句用过去完成式
  He asked if you had written to Peter.

  Tom said that he had been to America.

He told me that he had already told Mary about the meeting

如果主句为一般过去式，，且从句动还没有发生或者将要发生，则从句用过去将来时态
  He said that he would go back to the U.S. Soon.

  She said that she was going to take care of her baby.
（三）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，客观事实，其时态只能一般现在时.从句时态不受主句”过去式“影响和限制。
  Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
  Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

  Our teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

 The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our heart into it.

 She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.

He said that her age is only half his father’s age.

The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.

He said that he usually gets up at 5:30 and goes to school at 7:00