关于非谓语动词何时带to何时不带to以及何时用doing的问题

问题描述

老师，非谓语动词有的带 to do, 有的带 doing, 有的还不带 to, 有没有什么简单易掌握的方法？

老师答疑

陈老师：

方法如下

(1)非谓语动词有的带 to do(表示具体的一次性的动作行为或者表示将要发生动作行为。）

(2)有的带 doing（表示谓语动词动作同时发生，且正在进行的动作行为。）

A:动名词形式：表示抽象，反复的习惯性动作行为。

B:现在分词形式：表示动作正在进行且是主动，或者与谓语动词同时发生，且正在进行的动作行为。

(3)有的还不带 to

A:主要用于一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式复合宾语。

B:用于情态动词，should虚拟语气后面不带to的动词原形。

【一】接带"to"动词不定式作宾语动：

ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage,offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语

记忆口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）

想要学习 早打算（ want  learn  plan）

快准备 有希望（prepare  hope  wish  expect）

同意否 供选择（agree  offer  choose）

决定了 已答应（decide be determined  promise）

尽力去 着手做（manage  undertake）

别拒绝 别假装（refuse  pretend）

失败不是属于你（fail）

(1) want to do sth想要做某事情

(2) decide to do sth 决定做某事情

(3) hope to do sth希望做某事情

(4) refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事情

(5) wish to do sth 希望做某事情

(6) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事情

(7) choose to do sth 选择做某事情

(8) expect to do sth 期望做某事情

(9) promise to do sth承诺做某事情

(10) plan to do sth 计划做某事情

(11) pretend to do sth 假装做某事情

(12) learn to do sth 学会做某事情

(13) dare to do sth 敢做某事情

(14) afford to do sth 支付的起做某事情

(15) manage to do sth 成功设法做了某事情

(16) agree to do sth 同意做某事情

(17) prepare to do sth 准备做某事情

(18) determine to sth 决心做某事情

(19) desire to do sth 渴望做某事情

(20) need to do sth 需要做某事情

(21) threaten to do sth 威胁做某事情

(22) arrange to do sth安排做某事情

(23) remember to do sth 记得去做某事情

(24) forget to do sth忘记去做某事情

(25) try to do sth 尽力去做某事情

(26) stop to do sth 停下来去做某事情

(27) be afraid to do sth害怕不敢去做某事情

(28) be afraid of doing sth 害怕而不愿意做某事

【二】接带to动词不定式作宾语补足语动词：

(ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,call on,encourage,force)

(forbid,get, order,persuade,permit,require,teach)

(tell,want,wish,wait for,expect,like, prefer,invite)

(1)ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事情

(2)advise sb do do sth 建议某人做某事情

(3)allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

(4)cause sb to do sth 引起某人做某事情

(5)call on sb to do sth 号召某人走某事情

(6)encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事情

(7)force sb to do sth强迫某人做某事情

(8)forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事情

(9)get sb to do sth使得某人做某事情

(10)order sb to do sth命令某人做某事情

(11)persuade sb to do sth劝说某人做某事情

(12)permit sb to do sth准许某人做某事情

(13)require sb to do sth要求某人做某事情

(14)teach sb to do sth教某人做某事情

(15)tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事情

(16)want sb to do sth想某人做某事情

(17)wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事情

(18)wait for sb to do sth等待某人做某事情

(19)expect sb to do sth期待某人做某事情

(20)like sb to do sth喜欢某人做某事情

(21)perfer sb to do sth更喜欢某人做某事情

(22)invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事情

【三】接不带to动词不定式作宾语补足语动词：

【备注】接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词,但是被动语态度需要加上to.

(feel, hear, listen to, have, let, make,)(see, look at, notice, watch, observe)

(1)一感(feel)  feel sb do sth

(2)二听(hear, listen to )

hear sb do sth,

listen to sb do sth

(3)三使(have, make,let),

(have/make/let) sb do sth

(4)五看(see, look at, notice, observe, watch) sb do sth

(可带to,也可以不带to:help sb to do sth;    help sb do sth)

(help to do sth  ; help do sth)

【三】接动名词doing作宾语的动词

【enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, practise】

【consider, advise, mention,keep, avoid】

【imagine,allow,appreciate, can’t help 】

【give up, put off, miss, look forward to】

记忆口诀如下

避免错过少延期（avoid,miss,delay,put off)

建议完成多练习(suggest,recommend,advise,finish,practise)

喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, image,can’t help)

承认否定还考虑(admit , deny consider)

逃避冒险不介意(escape,risk,mind)

允许欣赏不禁止(allow/permit,appreciate,forbid)

期望成功更值得(look forward to, succeed in,be worth)

备注(1)：常加动名词做宾语的一些固定词组如下

prevent ....from doing sth

阻止/防止某人/某物去做某事情

depend ...on doing sth依靠/依赖某人/某物做某事情

feel like doing sth 感觉想做某事情

be fond of doing sth 喜欢做某事情

be proud of doing sth 以做某事情感到骄傲/自豪

put off doing sth 延期做某事情

give up doing sth 放弃做某事情

help yourself to doing sth 帮助你自己做某事情

be busy with doing sth 忙于做某事情

be busy in doing sth 忙于做某事情

be busy doing sth忙于做某事情

be worth doing sth 值得做某事情

be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事情

think of doing sth 想到做某事情

apologize to sb for doing sth 因做某事情向某人道歉

be worried about doing sth 担心做某事情

think about doing sth 考虑做某事情

备注(2)：下面的为介词to 需要加动名词作宾语

be used to doing sth 习惯做某事情

get used to doing sth 习惯做某事情

be accustomed to doing sth 习惯做某事情（被动）

accustom oneself to doing sth习惯做某事情（主动）

look forward to doing sth 期待做某事情

pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事情

be devoted to doing sth 致力于做某事情（被动）

devote oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事情（主动）

lead to doing sth 导致做某事情

【四】接现在分词doing作宾补的动词

(1) see sb doing sth 看见某人做某事

I saw him getting on a bus just now.
刚才我看到他上了一辆公共汽车。

I'm very glad to see you looking so happy.
我很高兴看见你显得如此幸福。

We saw him working in the garden this morning.
我们看见他今早在花园里干活。

(2)hear sb doing sth 听见某人做某事

I heard somebody laughing.
我听到有人在大笑。

He could hear his heart pounding.
他听得见自己的心跳。

One could hear them singing and dancing merrily out in the street.
人们在外面的街道上都能听到他们欢快的歌舞声。

(3)find sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事

I found him working in his garden.
我发现他在花园里干活。

I found my headache coming on.
我觉得头开始疼起来了。

(4)catch sb doing sth 撞见某人做某事/当场抓住某人做某事（尤其是坏事)

He caught a youth breaking into a car.

他撞见一个青年正在撬车。

(5)have sb doing sth 使得某人一直做某事

We can't have you going everywhere by taxi.
我们不能让你坐出租汽车到处跑。

I can't have you playing truant.
我不允许你逃学。

We have him trying an experiment.
我们让他试做一个实验。

(6)leave sb doing sth 使得某人一直做某事

He left me waiting outside in the rain.
他让我站在雨里等候。

Why did you leave the guests standing there?
你为什么让客人站在那儿?

They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself.
他们走了,让我孤零零一个人坐在那里。