延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法疑问
2024-11-18 10:50:46 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
非延续性动词也有用在完成时的情况，但是能说have died 么？我记得好像不行吧？
像这样的题：
When I got on the bus, I_____ I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing
B. realized
C. have realized
D. would realize
抛开答案正确与否，C选项本身有没有问题选项？
老师答疑
龙老师：
1. 能否说 have died 的问题
回答是肯定的。如意义需要，完全可以说 have died。如：
All my plants have died. 我的花草全都死了。（牛津高阶）
Thousands of people have died of Aids. 数以千计的人死于艾滋病。（牛津中阶）
More than nine hundred people have died in the fighting. 九百多人在这场战斗中死去。（柯林斯高级）
Animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical. 已经有动物因为接触了这种化学物而死亡。（朗文高级）
2. 能否说 have realized 的问题
回答也是肯定的。如意义需要，完全可以说 have realized。如：
You’ve realized it a little late in the day. 你已经认识到了，不过为时已晚。（牛津）
Some politicians have realized that there are more artful ways of subduing people than shooting or jailing them. 一些政客已经意识到有比开枪镇压或监禁更狡猾的征服人民的办法。（柯林斯）
3. 关于你的这道题：
When I got on the bus, I_____ I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing
B. realized
C. have realized
D. would realize
答案应选 B。realized 与前面的 got on 是两个并列的动作，且紧挨着发生。这样的用法在英语中很常见。又如：
When I got there I realized I’d left the tickets behind. 我到了那里以后发现忘记带票了。
When I looked round, I realized everyone else had moved on. 我环顾四周, 发现其它人都已经走掉了。
When I started lying to him, I realized that I was digging myself into a hole which would be very difficult to get out of. 我一开始向他说谎，就意识到自己是在给自己挖难以挣脱的陷阱。
王老师：
赞同Longnan老师的解答。我再为这位网友的问题补充几句，以便他/她能更准确地理解。
1. has died 单独使用是可以的，因为die 这个瞬间动作结束了，现在完成时强调的是结果和影响。但不能说 He has died for two weeks. 也就是说die是一次性的瞬间动作，不可能连续两周。has died 后面不能加一段时间。如果加时间，要用He has been dead for some time. 但在否定句中，有些瞬间动词可以跟一段时间，表示一种状态。例：Ｉhaven't heard from you for a long time.
2. 答案之所以选B，因为realize这个动作发生在过去，即when I got on the bus. 如果用现在完成时，就不符合逻辑了。如果非要使用现在完成时，需要调整语序和意思，例如：Now I have realized that when I got there I’d left the tickets behind.
陈老师：
非延续性动词也有用在完成时的情况，但是能说have died 么？我记得好像不行吧？
像这样的题：
When I got on the bus, I_____ I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing
B. realized
C. have realized
D. would realize
抛开答案正确与否，C选项本身有没有问题选项？
赞同 王老师和longman老师的观点，我在发表几点个人愚见，不一定正确，向大家学习。
(1)瞬间动词完全可以用于现在完成时态，只是后面绝对不可以与“时间段”连用，终止性动词现在完成时表示“发生在过去的事情对现在造成影响和结果”主要强调“现在结果和所处的状态：
例如：
The flower has died because of lack of water for a long time
The dog has died because of its serious sickness.
(2)因为时间状语从句，已经是一般过去时态，且是用来作主句的时间状语，表示主句动作是在过去发生的，因此需要用一般过去时态表达，换句话说，（when I got on the bus)看作一个整体，用来表示一个”过去的时间状语“ 因此，带有过去的时间状语，句子谓语动词一般用”一般过去时态“不用其他时态。(而且，现在完成时态不可以与表示过去的时间状语连用，这点非常重要。）
When I got on the bus, I realized I had left my wallet at home.
