请分析get hit的用法
2024-12-09 17:52:06 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
You got hit by a deer?
get 做什么成分,是动词吗,为什么后面有 hit,hit 也是动词吗?
hit by a deer 做状语修饰谓语?
老师答疑
曹老师:
转载别人的解释,帮你理解这个结构。
“be +过去分词”能构成被动结构,其实在现代英语口语或非正式文体中还有另一种被动结构“get + 过去分词”。和“be + 过去分词”一样,“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构,用于被动结构时,它强调动作的发生;用于系表结构时,它强调状态的变化。在“get + 过去分词”结构中,有三分之二的情况,get属于连系动词,与已完全形容词化了的过去分词一起构成系表结构。就区域性而言,“get + 过去分词”结构在澳大利亚的使用率高于英美;就文体而言,这种结构在正式文体中使用得较少;就目前的趋势而言,这种结构使用得越来越多。为了使同学们能更好地掌握和运用它,笔者现将其用法及两者的区别从以下两个方面分述如下:
一、get+过去分词,构成被动结构,表示某一事件或事故的发生,着重强调动作的发生。
1.常见于以下两种情况:
① 谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇,往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故,如:
Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
He got killed when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。
As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends. 我们融入一大群人的时候,我与我的朋友被分开了。
The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 这男孩在骑车上学的路上受伤了。
They got trapped in the fire and were killed. 他们被困在火中烧死了
He got hurt in the leg when he fell down from the tree. 他从树上掉了下来,摔伤了腿。
His car got damaged in a road accident? 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。
The dog got killed by the car.狗被汽车压死了。
Her dress got torn on a nail. 她的裙子被钉子挂破了。
Her car got stolen at the weekend. 她的车在周末被人偷了。
② 谈论设法或终于做到令人称心的事,说话者带有较强的感情色彩。当主语是人时,常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词,表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任,此时既含有被动意义,同时又含有主动意义。句中有时用in the end, at last或some day等和谓语动词一起表示经过一定的困难或一段时间的等待后终于做成某事。如:
Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。
The fence gets white-washed every year. 栅栏每年都要粉刷。
She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday. 她在休假前(设法)领到了工资。
I see old Morton has got himself promoted at last. 我看到老莫顿终于被提升了。
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 在大城市里清洁女工通常按小时付报酬。
My father got cured after the doctor used a new treatment. 医生使用新疗法后,我的父亲被治愈了。
In the end, he got admitted into Beijing University. 他终于被北京大学录取了。
You will get punished some day. 你总有一天会受到惩罚的。
The naughty boy got scolded. 这个顽皮的孩子受到了斥责。
The difficulties tend to get exaggerated by the media. 媒体将会夸大这些困难。
At last his novel got translated into French. 他的小说终于被译成了法语。
In the end he got invited.最后还是邀请了他。
2.“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别:
① 前者多用于口语和非正式文体,而后者则可用于更多的场合。
② 前者侧重表示动作,而后者既可表动作又可表状态,有时有歧义,如:
The chair got broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。(表动作)
The chair was broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。(表动作)或昨天这把椅子是坏的。(表状态)
The police say the man was shot when they found him, but they don’t know when he got shot.
警察说他们找到那个人时,他已被枪杀了,但是他们不知道他是什么时候被枪杀的。(was shot表状态;got shot表动作)
③ 前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语,而后者则有时带有时不带,如:
My brother got hit by a stone. 我哥哥被一块石头击中了。
She got caught by the police. 她让警察给抓住了。
说明:多数书上说,在“get + 过去分词”被动结构中不用by短语引出动作的执行者,但在现代口语或非正式文体中,我们有时能见到有by短语的例子。下面再举3例,如:
Hundreds of people get killed every day by traffic on the roads. 每年都有几百人死于道路交通事故。
Here in 1823, the Indians got surrounded by the English. 1823年印军在此被英军包围。
She got bitten by a dog. 她被狗咬伤了。
④ 前者在表示强调,否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did,而后者则不需,如:
He didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上没挨打。
Did your letter get answered? 你收到回信了吗?
⑤ 前者有时既可表示被动意义,又可表示主动意义;后者则只表示单纯的被动意义,如:
I got (myself) invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间,我(设法)让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。
I was invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间,我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。
⑥ 与助动词be相比,和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数单个动词或动词短语,其中多数含有“不顺利;不愉快”之意,如:
He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。
I got rained on as I was coming to work. 我来上班时遭到淋雨。
I got shouted at by some idiot for walking past his house. 我走过他的房子时遭到某个白痴的吼叫。
I got turned down again. 我又被拒绝了。
⑦ 后者可用于在有主语从句的句子变为被动态,而前者则不能。如:
We believed that he could finish the work in time.
He was believed to finish the work in time.
⑧ 后者可用于有感官动词 (see, hear, watch等)的被动句中,而前者则不能。如:
We saw him working in the field. ßHe was seen working in the field.
⑨ 前者可用于将来进行时或完成进行时,而后者通常不用。如:
The enemy will be getting beaten. 敌人将被打败。
The boy has been getting whipped. 这个男孩已经受到鞭笞。
⑩ 将一个带双宾语的句子改为被动句时通常不能用前者,如:
Our teacher taught him the lesson on the subjunctive. ßHe was taught the lesson on the subjunctive.
我们的老师给他上了关于虚拟语气方面的课。
二、get作始动性连系动词,与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用,构成系表结构,表示状态的变化和动作的结果,其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作,其含义等于become; begin to be或come to be,如:
1.常见于以下五种情况:
① 表示使自己进入或变为某种状态,如:
We don’t want any of you to get lost. 我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。
He went out and got drunk. 他出去喝醉了酒。
I don’t like sports in which people easily get hurt. 我不喜欢使人容易受伤的运动。
类似这种用法的词组还有:get started(行动起来),get engaged(订婚),get divorced(离婚)等 。
② 表示对自己身体的外表做某事,动作完成后主语所处的状态,此时过去分词多具有反身意义,如:
He could not wash himself or get dressed. 他既不会洗澡,也不会穿衣。
She got washed after she got back home from work. 她下班回到家后洗了澡。
Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to get changed before the party. 萨拉,赶快。我恐怕在晚会之前你没有时间换衣服了。
类似这种用法的词组还有:get undressed(脱下衣服), get shaved(刮脸;刮胡子)等 。
③ 表示由一种状态渐渐变为另一种状态,如:
She soon got tired of learning English. 很快她就对学英语厌倦了。
You will soon get used to this kind of work.你很快就会习惯这种工作。
I get more and more absorbed in the work here. 在这儿我越来越全神贯注于这项工作了。
This liquid got mixed with the salt at room temperature. 这种液体在室温下与盐混合了。
④ 表示引起心理和情感上的变化,如:
She got pleased with her new room. 她对她的新房间颇为满意。
I got surprised at the news. 这消息使我吃惊。
The driver got confused at the road signs. 面对这些路标司机感到迷惑。
⑤ get与少数形容词化了的过去分词连用,用于祈使句中,着重表达过去分词的内容,用来表示命令、请求、忠告等语气,如:
Get dressed! 穿上衣服!
Oh, get lost, will you! I want to study. 噢,给我走开!我要学习了。(此习语用法较粗鲁,只限熟人之间使用。)
Get washed! 去洗一洗吧!
Don’t get caught in the rain! 别遭雨淋!
2.“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成系表结构时的区别:
① 前者表示开始进入某种状态,而后者仅表示一种实际存在的状态,如:
The little girl got interested in music. 这个小女孩对音乐产生了兴趣。(原本没有兴趣,后来有了。)
The little girl is interested in music. 这个小女孩对音乐感兴趣。(本来就有兴趣。)
② 前者表示状态有进行式,而后者则没有,如:
The students are getting prepared for the sports meeting.学生们在为运动会作准备。
She’s getting worried about her exams. 她在为考试发愁。
3.四点应注意的问题:
① get和具体的时间状语连用,表示某一状态在具体时间的某一时刻发生的过渡和变化,如:
They are going to get married on New Year’s Day. 他们打算在元旦结婚。
He went out and got drunk yesterday evening. 昨天晚上他出去喝醉了酒。
注意:get不能和表示时段的状语连用,如不能说:They have got married for five years. 他们结婚5年了。只能说:They have been married for five years. 或They got married five years ago.
② get用于进行时态,表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡的、变化的过程,如:
He is getting more and more annoyed.他越来越感到气恼。
I’m getting all mixed up. 我全给闹糊涂了。
③ get用于现在完成时,表示某一状态过渡动作的结束或结果,如:
Edward and I have just got engaged. 爱德华和我刚刚订婚。
They’ve just got married. 他们刚结婚。
陈老师:
You got hit by a deer?
参考译文:你被一只鹿撞了吗?
get 做什么成分,是动词吗,为什么后面有 hit,hit 也是动词吗?
hit by a deer 做状语修饰谓语?
解答如下:
句子语法结构分析如下
主语:You(你)
谓语:got hit(给撞了))
状语:by a deer(被一只鹿)
主语+get hit by sth 意思主语被某事撞了
(1)主语+get +过去分词 属于主系表结构表示“主语呈现的一种状态”
He got paid a piffling sum after weeks of work.
他工作数周所得甚微。
If I don't get paid for that job soon, bang goes my holiday in France.
要是我不马上拿到那份工作的报酬,那么去法国度假就即刻成为泡影。
(2)主语+get +过去分词属于被动结构表示“主语被承受/遭受某个动作”
My gosh, I hope he doesn't get hit by a car or anything!
唉,真糟糕,我得保佑他这样乱跑不要被车撞了才好!
If you jaywalk, you could easily get hit by the car.
如果擅自穿越马路,很容易被车子接到。
It is dangerous to play along the railroad; you may get hit by a train.
沿著铁路玩耍是很危险的,有可能会被火车撞到。
UPS got hit by its bad earning report.
由于盈馀报告不理想,UPS的股价遭到打击。
My friend got hit by a car, please call an ambulance.
我的朋友被车撞了,请叫救护车。
You might get hit by a bus, but you probably will drive safely to work this morning.
你可能被车撞到,但你更可能在今天早上安全地开车到达办公室。
He went silly after getting hit by a stick on the head.
他被大棒子击中头部而失去了知觉。