外研版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Friends forever Using language 学案（含答案）

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Unit 2 Exploring English
Using language
学习目标
1. 掌握本节生词、短语的表达与运用。
2. 掌握构词法的用法。
3. 通过课堂练习，对课文内容有更深入的了解。
知识运用
1. inspiring
意思：_____________
inspiring music 激励人心的音乐
inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth.=inspire sth.in sb. 用……激发某人;激发某人的某种情感
练习：The captain's heroic effort inspired them _______ determination.
2. comfort
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
turn to sb. for comfort 向某人寻求安慰
be a great comfort to sb. 是某人的巨大安慰
take/draw comfort from 从……获得安慰
练习：I take comfort _______ the fact that his friends are there to help him.
3. patience
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
patient adj.耐心的 n.病人
patiently adv. 耐心地
impatiently adv.不耐烦地
impatient adj.不耐烦的
be patient with 对……有耐心
be impatient with 对……不耐烦
have no/little patience with 不能容忍……
lose/run out of patience (with sb.) (对某人)失去耐心
with patience (= patiently ) 耐心地
练习：The teacher is making corrections to my composition _________ (patient).
4. generosity
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
generous adj.慷慨的，大方的
generously adv.慷慨地，大方地
be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方，不吝啬某物
his generosity to the poor 他对穷人的慷慨
an act of generosity 慷慨之举
one's generosity to/towards... 某人对……的慷慨
show(sb.)generosity (对某人)表现出慷慨
练习：I shall never forget the _________ (generous) shown by the Chinese people.
5. quality
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
have leadership qualities 具有领导素质
personal qualities 个人素质
be of poor/good/high quality 质量次/好/上乘
quality of life 生活质量
练习：_________ (教育质量)in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.
语法解析
定语从句
在复合句中作定语修饰名词或代词的从句，叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
一、构成
先行词+ 关系词 +定语从句
连接主语和从句 指代先行词 在从句中充当句子成分
二、分类
定语从句分为限制性定语从句与非限制定语从句
三、关系词
被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词；连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,而且也充当定语从句中的一个成分。关系词是总称，具体分为：
关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as
关系副词：when, where, why, that
关系代词
关系代词除了指代主句中的先行词外，同时还在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。作宾语时可以省略；但关系代词作介词宾语,而且介词提到它的前面时，关系代词不能省略。
1. who, whom 的用法
who和 whom 引导定语从句，二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 在定语从句中只作宾语。在现代英语中，跟特殊疑问句一样，作宾语时可以用who代替whom。
The boy who made a speech just now is my best friend. (who在从句中作主语)
刚才发表演讲的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。
I have many friends (who/whom) I can turn to for help when in trouble. (who/whom在从句中作宾语)
我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。
友情提示：在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提到关系代词之前时,只能用whom,不能用who。
I have many friends to whom I can turn for help when in trouble.
2. whose 的用法
whose引导定语从句,既可指人也可指物,它表示先行词和它所修饰的词是所属关系,在定语从句中作定语。
I want to help the children whose parents died in the earth-quake.
我想帮助那些父母在地震中丧生的孩子们。
We must repair the desks whose legs are broken.
我们必须修理断了腿的桌子。
除了用 whose 表所属关系以外,在 whom 和 which 之前加 of也可以表示所属关系(即of whom, of which)。这时名词需要特指,应加定冠词,放在 of whom, of which 之前或之后均可。
I want to help the children whose parents died in the earth-quake. = I want to help the children of whom the parents died in the earthquake. = I want to help the children the parents of whom died in the earthquake.
We must repair the desks whose legs are broken. = We must repair the desks of which the legs are broken. = We must repair the desks the legs of which are broken.
3. which 的用法
which 引导定语从句,用来指物,在定语从句中作主语宾语或表语,偶尔作定语。
The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure. (which 在从句中作主语)
穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。
Do you remember the holiday (which) we spent together (which 在从句中作宾语)
记得我们一起度过的那个假期吗
He was not sick, which some of the other passengers were. (which 指代形容词
sick,在从句中作表语)
他没有生病，但有些其他旅客却病了。
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. (which 指代整个主句的内容,在从句中作主语)
他又改变了主意，这使得我们大家都很生气。
They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drank all the wine I had.
(which在从句中作定语,修饰 time)
他们和我一起待了3 周,在这期间他们喝光了我所有的酒。
4. that的用法
that引导定语从句,既可指人也可指物,指人时可与who或whom互换,指物时可与 which 互换。在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略;作介词的宾语时介词不能提到 that 之前。
Jane is no longer the person (that/who/whom) I worked with several years ago.
(that, who, whom 在从句中作宾语)
珍妮不再是几年前我与之共事的那个人了。
This is the supermarket that/which sells a variety of goods. (that, which 在从句中作主语)
这就是那个卖各种各样的商品的超市。
5. as的用法
as引导定语从句主要用于两种情况:一种是限制性定语从句,先行词由 as，so，such，the same 修饰;一种是非限制性定语从句,其先行词是整个主句,即as 指代整个主句的内容。
（1）as引导限制性定语从句，先行词前有 as, so, such, the, same修饰。
当先行词前有as, so, such, the same 等修饰时，关系代词常用 as,它在从句中作主语或宾语。
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
(as 作从句的主语)
那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。
You may take as many chairs as you need. (as 作 need 的宾语)
我父母没有我想要的那么多钱。
He made the same mistake as you made in the last exam. (as作made的宾语)
在上次考试中,他犯了跟你相同的一个错误。
友情提示：在so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句中,that 不作任何成分,只起引导作用。要注意区别这两种不同的结构。
They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house. (that引导结果状语从句,在句中不作成分)
他们有一条凶狗,没人敢靠近他们家。
（2）as 引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句。
as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词就是整个主句，它在定语从句中作主语、宾语。它引导的从句可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后,还可以位于主句中间。
As everybody knows, Shakespeare was a great English writer. (从句在主句之前，as 作从句的宾语)
众所周知，莎士比亚是一位伟大的英国作家。
Tom is a brave boy, as is described in the report. (从句在主句之后,as 作从句的主语)
汤姆是一个勇敢的男孩，这正如在报道中描述的那样。
The project, as we had expected, got along well. (从句在主句中间as 作从句的宾语)
正如我们所预料的那样，工程进展顺利。
as 引导非限制性定语从句时，常见的固定表达：
as we all know众所周知
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as often happens这经常发生
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as you see 这一点你明白
as has been said before 如前所述
as is well known 众所周知
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as can be seen 看得出来
as may be imagined正如可以想象出来的那样
as has been said above 如上所述
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as everybody can do正像人人都能做到的那样
注意事项：
1. 关系代词的省略
（1）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
The watch (that/which) you gave me keeps perfect time.
你给我的那块表走得很准。
（2）关系代词在从句中作表语时可省略。
My hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.
我的家乡不再是过去的那个样子。
（3）关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语,而介词在从句句尾时关系代词可省略。
The people (who/whom/that) I spoke to were very helpful.
我与之交谈过的人都非常乐于助人。
2.用that 不用 which 的情况
(1)当先行词是all, little, few, much, every-thing, nothing, none等不定代词时。
Our parents always do everything that they can to support us.
我们的父母总是尽他们的所能来支持我们。
（2）当先行词被 all, every, no, little, few, much, the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。
These messages are the very ones that I have been looking for.
这些就是我一直在寻找的信息。
（3）当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
练习：请用所给单词的正确形式填空。
This is the first time that I have been here.
这是我第一次来到这儿。
（4）当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the book that you like best
你最喜欢哪本书
3.用 which 不用 that 的情况
（1）关系代词前有介词时。
I was impressed by the efficiency with which she handled the crisis.
她应对危机效率之高给我留下了深刻印象。
（2）在非限制性定语从句中。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
足球是很有趣的运动项目,全世界的人都在踢。
（3）先行词本身就是 that 时。
What's that which excites you so much
是什么事情让你如此兴奋
（4）关系代词后有插入语时。
Here is the English grammar book which, as I've told you, will help improve your English.
这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书,它会帮你提高英语水平。
4.用 who 不用 that 的情况
（1）当先行词为人称代词 he, she, they 或 one(s), anyone, nobody 等指人的不定代词时。
He who plays a trick must be prepared to take a joke.
玩花招的人必定会受到戏弄。
（2）当指人的先行词是those，或先行词被 those 所修饰时。
Those who work hard will get more chances.
工作努力的人会有更多机会。
（3）当指人的先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
They were the first who arrived there.
他们是去那里的第一批人。
（4）当指人的先行词和定语从句被其他成分分隔时。
The person is downstairs who you have been looking for since last year.
自去年以来你一直在找的那个人就在楼下。
（5）当指人的先行词由两个定语从句修饰(即双重定语从句时,第二个定语从句只能用who/whom引导,不能用that。第二个定语从句的关系代词不可省略。
She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.
她是我所认识的唯一会弹吉他的女孩。
（6）there be结构中先行词指人时。
There is a beautiful girl who wants to see you.
有位要见你的漂亮女孩。
5.用 that 不用 who 的情况
（1）在特殊疑问句中，如果开头的疑问代词是who,为了避免重复，定语从句宜使用 that引导，而不用 who。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁
（2）当先行词为疑问代词 who, which 时
Who that knows his misfortunes can help feeling an interest in him
凡是了解他的不幸的人,谁能不关心他呢
（3）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语或宾语补足语时,定语从句也不用 who引导，而用that，或者省略关系代词that。这一般是确认性表语。
He is no longer the man that he was. (that 指代先行词the man,在定语从句中作表语)
他已经不是过去的他了
（4）当先行词同时包含人和物时。
She took photographs of the people and things that she was interested in.
她把她所感兴趣的人和物全部拍摄了下来。
6.定语从句的主谓一致和时态一致问题
（1）一般来讲关系代词作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与前面的先行词保持一致。
Mr. Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you.
史密斯先生要见你，他现在正在楼下。
(2)定语从句的时态一般不受主句影响,只须根据从句的情况而定。
The professor who lectured yesterday is from Peking University. (从句用一般过去时)
昨天演讲的教授来自北京大学。
The professor who is lecturing now is from Peking University. (从句用现在进行时)
现在正在演讲的教授来自北京大学。
The professor who will lecture tomorrow is from Peking University. (从句用一般将来时)
明天将要作演讲的教授来自北京大学。
练习：请用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. They are building a hospital near the street ______ we used to live.
2. The present ______ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
3. Happiness is one of the things ______ money cannot buy.
4. I'll never forget the day ______ I joined the League in my middle school.
5. The man ______ wife died last year has gone to Japan.
6. Tell me the reason ______ the American lady left in a hurry.
7. Do you know the boy ______ was praised at the meeting
8. Allen is the girl ______ I think will succeed in the speaking contest.
9. The manager walked toward the gate ______ the workers were waiting.
10. Her parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
答案
知识运用
1. with 2. from 3. patiently 4. generosity 5. The quality of education
语法解析
1. where 2. which/that 3. which/that 4. when 5. whose 6. why 7. who 8. who/that
9. where 10. whose

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