不定式to +be + n/adj的疑问
2024-11-06 21:04:43 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
经常能看到不定式to +be + n/adj做许多v的宾语或者做宾补 那它和直接的adj和n做宾语或宾补有什么区别? to be +n 的话不定式不还是名词不定式吗 那和n有什么区别
如 what he said proved to be true 和what he said proved true
老师答疑
刘老师:
英语中,seem, appear, prove, turn out等动词之后,如果直接跟名词或形容词作表语,那就是系动词,如果后面跟了to do 或to be,那就是不及物动词。
▲seem, appear, prove, turn out等动词后,可以跟“to be+表语”:
The boy seemed to be ill. 这个男孩好像病了。
He appears to be unhappy. 他看起来似乎不高兴。
The plan proved to be useful. 这个计划证明是有用的。
The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。
▲在这些系动词之后,to be可以省略:
He seems (to be) sad. 他似乎很伤心。
He appears (to be) angry. 他似乎生气了。
The news proved (to be) false. 那消息证明是假的。
The man turned out (to be) a thief. 那人结果是个小偷。
▲seem和appear接to be的若干问题
当seem后接形容词作表语时,如果谈的是客观事实,即看上去肯定是真实的东西,通常用seem to be;如果谈的是主观印象,则通常只用seem。但由于这种区别在没有上下文的情况下并不总是很清楚,所以在许多情况下两个结构均可以用。如:
He seems (to be) ill. 他似乎生病了。
He seems (to be) quite happy. 他似乎很高兴。
He seems (to be) quite rich 他似乎相当富有。
She seems (to be) very sleepy today. 今天她看上去很困倦。
在名词前通常要用seem to be (尤其是当名词前带有定冠词或物主代词修饰时),以下各句中的to be均不能省略。如:
He seemed to be the owner of the car. 他好像就是车主。
I spoke to a man who seemed to be the boss. 我跟一个人说话,他看上去像是老板。
Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 洗车似乎是你的主要爱好。
但是,在着重表现主观感受的名词短语前,有时可以省去to be。此时名词前通常会有一个描绘性形容词修饰。如:
It seems (to be) a good idea. 那似乎是个好主意。
It seems (to be) a real bargain. 这东西似乎很便宜。
下面一句中的fool前虽然没有形容词修饰,但a fool本身相当于形容词foolish:
He seems (to be) a fool. 他似乎是个笨蛋。
如果seem后的不定式是进行时态,那么be不可省略。
History seems to be repeating itself. 历史似乎在重演。
He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。
His health seems to be improving little by little. 他健康状况看来正在好转。
如果不是现在分词,而是形容词,则可省略其中to be。如:
His idea seems (to be) exciting. 他的主意看来令人激动。
She seemed (to be) lacking in enthusiasm. 她似乎缺乏热情。
当seem用于there be结构时,其通常的表现形式为There seems to be…,其中的to be可以省略,也可以保留。如:
There seems (to be) a mistake in these figures. 这些数字中好像有个错误。
There seemed (to be) nobody about, so I went in. 附近似乎没有人,因此我就走了进去。
系动词appear跟seem一样,都可以跟包括to be在内的动词不定式,to be一般情况下可以省略。例如:
It appears (to be) a true story. 这似乎是一件真事。
He appeared (to be) quite well. 他显得身体相当好。
To compromise appears (to be) advisable. 看来以妥协为好。
He didn’t want to appear (to be) a fool. 他不愿显得像个傻瓜。
They appeared (to be) satisfied with the result. 他们似乎对结果感到满意。
They aren’t as clever as they appear (to be). 他们并不像他们看起来那样聪明。
There appears (to be) little enthusiasm for your idea. 人们好像对你的想法不大热心。
黎老师:
在“proved (...)to be + n./adj.”搭配中的 to be 是可有可无的。例如:The weather forecast proved (to be) accurate on the next day. 那次天气预报在次日被证明是正确的。/ She proved herself (to be) an able secretary. 她表现出自己是一个能干的秘书。(摘自外研社、建宏《英汉多功能词典》)