定语从句、并列句和非谓语动词的比较
2024-12-17 14:07:42 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
She spoke to the boys, who disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys, and they disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys, disappearing in another direction.
把第三句的现在分词看成做伴随状语可以吗？
老师答疑
刘老师：
She spoke to the boys, who disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys, and they disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys, disappearing in another direction.
把第三句的现在分词看成做伴随状语可以吗？
【答】
1. She spoke to the boys, who disappeared in another direction.
——这是复合句。其中who disappeared in another direction是定语从句。
这个句子的两个动词spoke 在先，disappeared 在后。
2. She spoke to the boys, and they disappeared in another direction.
——这是and连接的并列句。这个句子的两个动词也是spoke 在先，disappeared 在后。
以上两句意思基本相同。
3. She spoke to the boys, disappearing in another direction.
把第三句的现在分词看成做伴随状语可以吗？
——可以。但是，跟上面两句不同，这个句子中的disappearing in another direction的逻辑主语是句子的主语She，不是boys了。意思是“她跟孩子们讲了话，接着消失在另一个方向。”
曹老师：
She spoke to the boys, who disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys, and they disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys, disappearing in another direction.
第一句和第二句的区别是并列句和主从复合句的区别。
两个主谓结构我们分别称为A信息和B信息。如果说话人认为A、B两个信息同等重要，希望听话人的注意力平均分配在两个信息上，他就会用并列句结构。如果两个信息的重要性不一样，其中一个重要，另一个只是辅助说明情况，说话人就会把重要信息放在主句，次要信息放在从句。听话人也同时会知道说话人想强调的是什么。所以，上面第一句和第二句的侧重点是不同的。
第三句是错误的。因为disappearing处于状语的位置。分词作状语，逻辑主语为句子的主语。但显然disappearing的逻辑主语是boys.分词不能作非限制性定语。还是改为定语从句比较好。如第一句。如果一定要用分词，那就在前面加主格的they，形成独立主格结构，作状语。句子如下：
She spoke to the boys, they/the latter disappearing in another direction.
即使这样，也不如第一句和第二句自然。
陈老师：
She spoke to the boys, who disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys, and they disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys, disappearing in another direction.
把第三句的现在分词看成做伴随状语可以吗？
第3句可以看作，修饰描述补充说明the boys的情况，不能看作为伴随状语。可以非限制性定语来理解。但是建议不使用这样现在分词作定语，建议使用非限制定语从句作定语。
(如果有逗号隔开，相当于非限制性定语从句，如果无逗号隔开，相当于限制性定语从句）
She spoke to the boys, disappearing in another direction. (disappearing其额外附加补充说明）
=She spoke to the boys, who disappeared in another direction.
She spoke to the boys disappearing in another direction. （disappearing起限制性修饰限定词作用）
=She spoke to the boys who disappeared in another direction.
(备注：现在分词作定语有“主动进行含义” 和“主动含义”)
现在分词具有形容词和副词语法功能，可以做一下成分
(1)定语
(2)表语
(3)补足语
(4)状语
