helpful翻译_helpful短语搭配_helpful权威例句

柯林斯词典

同根词

词根：help

• adj.

  helpless 无助的；无能的；没用的

  helping 辅助的；给予帮助的

• adv.

  helplessly 无助地；无能为力地

  helpfully 有益地；有用地

• n.

  help 帮助；补救办法；帮忙者；有益的东西

  helper 助手，帮手

  helpdesk 帮助台；超文本文档帮助信息

  helping 帮助，协助；一份食物

  helpfulness 有益；有助

• v.

  helping 帮助；扶持（help的ing形式）

• vi.

  help 帮助；有用；招待

• vt.

  help 帮助；促进；治疗；补救

同近义词

• adj.有帮助的；有益的

  useful   /   beneficial   /   advantageous   /   conducive   /   assistant

词组短语

1. helpful to 对 ; 对……有益 ; 有帮助 ; 对…有帮助

2. Very helpful 非常有帮助 ; 很有帮助 ; 有帮助的 ; 非常乐于助人

3. a helpful website 一个有用的网站

4. Television Is Helpful 电视十分有用 ; 电视的好处 ; 电视是有益的 ; 上一篇

5. polite and helpful 有礼貌有乐于助人 ; 有礼貌而且乐于助人 ; 有礼貌乐于助人 ; 服务员及有

6. Jea helpful Paul Gaultier 保罗·戈尔捷 ; 高提耶 ; 高缇耶 ; 下提耶

7. To Be A Helpful Man 有用之人 ; 有益的人 ; 做有用之人

8. Helpful friend 益友

9. be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 ; 对于或者人有帮助益 ; 对某人有帮助 ; 对人乐于助人

权威例句

1. She made helpful comments on my work.

她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。《牛津词典》

2. Also adding directional descriptors such as central, western, southern, etc. is helpful.

还加入定向语词,如中部, 西部, 南部等,是有益的.《期刊摘选》

3. It may be helpful to consult a tax specialist or attorney familiar with international tax matters.

向税务专家或者向国际税务律师咨询会得到有益的帮助.《期刊摘选》

4. And this kind of act is positive and helpful for you and others forever.

你会采取真正的行动,这行动永远是正面的,永远都是对你自己以及他人有益的.《期刊摘选》

5. But at the same time, fire is extraordinary helpful.

但是,与此同时火也是非常有益的.《期刊摘选》

6. That is hardly helpful.

很难说这会有什么帮助。

7. James is a very helpful and cooperative lad...

詹姆斯是个肯帮忙、好合作的小伙子。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》

8. This new dictionary is very useful [ helpful ] to me.

对我来说这本新词典很 顶事.《现代汉英综合大词典》

9. It is often helpful to have your spouse in the room when major news is expected...

等待重大消息时最好有配偶在场。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》

10. Contact with other disabled yachtsmen of like mind would be helpful

和其他志同道合的残疾人帆船运动员接触会有帮助。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

11. The following information may be helpful to readers.

下列信息可能对读者有用。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》

12. You might find a great many helpful suggestions.

你会得到许多有益的启迪.《期刊摘选》

13. The following 10 pieces of advice accumulated by forthgoers are helpful to you.

以下是一些先行者积累的10条有益的涉世忠告.《期刊摘选》

14. The staff in this store is very helpful.

这家店的员工非常乐意帮忙。《牛津词典》

15. He has given me a helpful suggestion.

他给我提了一项有益的建议.《期刊摘选》

16. My professor gave me a lot of helpful guidance while I was writing my doctoral thesis.

我的教授在我做博士论文的时候给了我许多有益的指导.《期刊摘选》

17. Thank you, you'vebeen most helpful.

谢谢您，您帮了大忙了。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

18. Sorry I can't be more helpful.

对不起，我帮不上更多的忙。《牛津词典》

19. You'll find her very helpful—if she's not too busy, that is.

你会觉得她很肯帮忙，那是说如果她不太忙的话。《牛津词典》

20. Her copy of < Evangeline > has many helpful notes at the back.

她那本《伊万杰琳》后面有许多有用的注解.《现代汉英综合大词典》

21. The catalog includes helpful information on the different bike models available...

目录中包括了在售的各种型号自行车的有用信息。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》

22. A predominantly liquid diet for a day or two may be helpful

一两天里主要吃流质食物可能会有好处。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

23. The dietitian was helpful, making suggestions as to how I could improve my diet.

这位饮食学家很有帮助，就我如何能改善膳食提出了建议。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

24. It is often helpful to have your spouse in the room when major news is expected

等待重大消息时最好有配偶在场。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

25. You've been very helpful.

你(给我们)帮了很多忙.《现代英汉综合大词典》

26. The people I spoke to were very helpful.

我交谈过的人都很肯帮忙。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

27. Exercise, fresh air, and good posture are all helpful

锻炼、新鲜空气和好的坐立姿势都很有益。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

28. An A to Z of careers gives helpful information about courses.

一本按字母顺序排列的职业手册，提供了有助于课程选择的信息。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

29. Contact with other disabled yachtsmen of like mind would be helpful.

联系一下其他具有同样想法的残疾帆船赛手是会有帮助的。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

30. It makes a helpful tryout to explore the regional architecture development under the latest technology condition.

为探索新技术条件下地区建筑学的发展做出有益的尝试.《期刊摘选》

31. It provides helpful reference to the development of Ningbo station planning recently.

对目前宁波地铁站规划设计的发展提供有益的参考与借鉴.《期刊摘选》

32. When you go to concerts, it's helpful to read the programme.

去音乐会的时候，看看节目单是有帮助的。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

33. The catalogue includes helpful information on the different bike models available.

该目录包含所销售的各种型号自行车的有用信息。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

34. She helpfully suggested that I try the local library.

她很热心地建议我试试本地的图书馆。《牛津词典》

35. The staff couldn't have been more helpful.

职员们十分愿意帮忙。《牛津词典》

36. Friction is not always useless, in certain cases it becomes helpful necessity.

摩擦并非总是无用的, 在某种场合下,它是有益的,也是必要的.《期刊摘选》

37. His critical analysis was helpful.

他的批判的分析是有益的.《辞典例句》

38. She's always helpful and complaisant.

她总是又殷勤,又乐于助人.《简明英汉词典》

39. Her copy of 《 Evangeline 》 has many helpful notes at the back.

她那本《伊万杰琳》后面有许多有用的注解。《汉英大词典》

40. I'm helpful.

我是有用的。

41. The criterion is helpful for rational alloying of maraging steels with lower Ni and Co contents.

这些为马氏体时效钢降镍钴和合理的合金化提供有益的看法.《期刊摘选》

42. She was unfailingly courteous and helpful.

她无论什么时候都彬彬有礼,乐于助人.《简明英汉词典》

43. By helpful kindness the teacher broke down the new boy's shyness.

老师和蔼可亲的态度减轻了这个新来的孩子的羞怯.《简明英汉词典》

44. The catalog includes helpful information on the different bike models available

目录中包括了在售的各种型号自行车的有用信息。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

45. The abundance content and connotative meaning of Tarkovsky's movie view is very helpful for us.

塔尔科夫斯基电影观所包含的丰富内容和深刻内涵必将为我们提供有益的借鉴和启示.《期刊摘选》

46. A predominantly liquid diet for a day or two may be helpful...

一两天里主要吃流质食物可能会有好处。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》

47. Is he really helpful?

他真的有用吗？

48. As a warm and helpful guide.

作为一个温暖的和有益的指导.《期刊摘选》

49. The booklet should be very helpful to parents of disabled children.

这本小册子对于残疾儿童的父母会很有用。《牛津词典》

50. Having the right equipment at hand will be enormously helpful.

有合适的工具在手边将会极为有用。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

51. Secondly, it has established the principle of entity and given modern philosophy helpful inspiration.

其次, 确立了主体性原则,给现代哲学以有益的启发.《期刊摘选》

52. You'll find her very helpful ─ if she's not too busy, that is.

你会觉得她很肯帮忙，那是说如果她不太忙的话。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

53. The receptionist was less than helpful.

那接待员一点忙都不帮。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

54. Having the right equipment at hand will be enormously helpful

手头上有合适的设备将会帮上大忙。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

55. He can be very helpful, but only when it suits him.

有时候他非常肯帮忙，不过那得他觉得合适。《牛津词典》

56. The staff in the London office are helpful but only have limited information.

伦敦办事处的工作人员给予了帮助，但他们掌握的信息有限。《柯林斯例句》

57. Talking things out with someone else can be helpful

跟别人讨论讨论把问题彻底谈开了可能会有用。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

58. She was very helpful when my mother was ill—I'll allow you that.

我母亲生病时她帮了很大的忙—我同意你说的这一点。《牛津词典》

59. She is always helpful.

她总是爱帮助人。

60. Exercise, fresh air, and good posture are all helpful.

体育运动、新鲜空气和良好姿势都很有效果。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

61. Here are some helpful hints to make your journey easier.

这里是一些有用的建议，可以使你的旅途更舒适。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

62. On the surface, she's a charming, helpful person.

从外表上看, 她又很迷人 、 又肯助人.《简明英汉词典》

63. Even some foods can interact with medicines in ways that may be helpful or harmful.

甚至一些食物也能和药物发生相互作用,有些是有益的,有些是有害的.《期刊摘选》

64. She was very helpful when my mother was ill ─ I'll allow you that.

我母亲生病时她帮了很大的忙——我同意你说的这一点。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

65. The dietitian was helpful, making suggestions as to how I could improve my diet

这位营养学家就如何改善饮食给我提出了些建议，对我很有帮助。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

66. I suspect he was just fishing for information that might be helpful to his own company.

我怀疑他只是想探听一些可能对自己公司有帮助的消息.《简明英汉词典》

67. Here are some helpful hints to make your journey easier

几条有用的建议可以让你的旅途更轻松。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

68. What may seem helpful behaviour to you can be construed as interference by others

在你看来似乎是施助的行为在别人眼中可能就会被解读成一种干涉。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

69. They nevertheless a rather helpful euros 34.662.000.

他们不过赢得了相当有益的34,662,000欧元.《期刊摘选》

70. That'll be most helpful.

那太有帮助了。

71. In my opinion, the Internet is helpful rather than harmful as someone else thinks.

我认为, 互联网是有益的,而不是别人所想的那样有害.《期刊摘选》

72. Swimming is helpful for bones that are porous and weak.

游泳有助于改善骨质疏松和骨骼脆弱。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

73. The staff in the London office are helpful but only have limited information

伦敦办事处的工作人员给予了帮助，但他们掌握的信息有限。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

74. The people (that) I spoke to were very helpful.

我交谈过的人都很肯帮忙。《牛津词典》

75. And this can be a helpful reference to the flour mills.

希望给同行能够提供一些有益的启发.《期刊摘选》

76. In a Word , this dissertation makes some helpful exploration in education reform of nondemonstration commonschool.

希望我的研究能为非示范性高中文言文教学的改革做出一些有益的探索.《期刊摘选》

77. You deserve a reward for being so helpful.

你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。《牛津词典》

78. Smooth processing is very helpful for completion of encryption or decryption of speech signal.

这一“平滑”处理过程对话音信号进一步处理的实现是十分有益的.《期刊摘选》

79. It is both interesting and helpful for us to have some knowledge about how radar works.

我们了解有关雷达的工作原理既是有趣的,又是有益的.《期刊摘选》

80. Hope this essay can be helpful for Chinese power resistance theoretical research and practice process.

希望通过本篇论文的写作,能对我国权力制约理论研究和实践进程提供一些有益的参考.《期刊摘选》

81. Her advice has frequently been less than wholly helpful.

她的建议往往毫无帮助。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

82. The staff in the London office are helpful but only have limited information...

伦敦办事处的工作人员给予了帮助，但他们掌握的信息有限。《柯林斯高阶英语词典》

83. I thought she sounded a genuinely caring and helpful person.

我觉得她听起来像是一个真心真意地关爱和帮助别人的人。《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》

84. It's always helpful to be well informed.

消息灵通总是有益的.《期刊摘选》

85. Mrs Wang always thinks criticism is as helpful as praise.

王太太总是认为批评和赞扬一样都是有益的.《期刊摘选》

86. If a sensation of nausea arises, the the left hand or thumb can be helpful.

如果感觉恶心时,重点着眼于左手或拇指可以是有益的.《期刊摘选》

87. It was advice of a kind, but it wasn't very helpful.

这是一种建议, 但并不非常有用.《简明英汉词典》

88. You'll find it helpful to talk things over with a friend.

把情况和朋友详细聊一聊，你会觉得大有帮助。《牛津词典》

89. helpful advice/information/suggestions

有用的劝告 / 信息 / 建议《牛津词典》

90. I called the police but they weren't very helpful.

我叫了警察，但他们不太肯帮忙。《牛津词典》

91. If it's helpful to the revision of Law of Admiralty , the author will feel gratified.

以期对《 海商法 》的修改起到有益的促进作用.《期刊摘选》

92. Our teacher gave us a lot of helpful books in maths.

我们老师给了我们许多数学上有帮助的书.《简明英汉词典》

93. Ready to handle new challenges.

准备接受新的挑战.《期刊摘选》

94. It is often helpful for teachers to shadow managers in industry.

教师跟随业界的管理人员实地学习，常常会很有收获。《牛津词典》

95. Role-play is helpful in developing communication skills.

角色扮演有助于提高沟通技巧。《牛津词典》

96. The staff in this shop are very helpful.

这家店的员工非常乐意帮忙。《牛津词典》

97. Some of this information is helpful and healthful. Unfortunately, some is inaccurate and even dangerous.

这些信息中有些是有益的,健康的. 不幸的是, 还有一些信息是不准确的,甚至是危险的.《期刊摘选》

98. From the airport: Don't be tempted by the helpful senors at arrivals, take an authorized taxi.

从机场：不要被出口处帮助你的讲西班牙语的先生所诱惑，打正规的的士。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

99. The varied dispersion curves worked out this paper is helpful in application of ultrasonic Lamb wave.

文章计算出的多种频散曲线对超声兰姆波的应用是有益的.《期刊摘选》

100. It would be helpful for me to see the damage for myself.

要能亲眼看看造成的破坏会对我有所帮助。《牛津词典》

实用例句

1. Look in the local newspaper, see where they're advertising because it's always really helpful.

看看当地报纸吧，看看他们在为哪里做广告，因为它一直都很有用。SpeakingMax英语口语达人 : 在外国说英语的方法

2. It is a very helpful tool for generating ideas that you might not have previously considered.

FORBES: 5 Great Resources To Help You Brainstorm New Career Directions

3. The technology side was definitely helpful, as was a background in business and finance too.

WSJ: Managing in Asia: Hariharan; Singapore Mercantile Exchange Finds the Pulse of Commodities Trading

4. Accordingly, I thought it would be helpful to provide a simple checklist tailored to first-time entrepreneurs.

FORBES: Fundraising 101: Checklist for Entrepreneurs

5. The book "Disappearing Destinations" explains more about these endangered places and suggests helpful ways to take action.

VOA : special.2009.04.22

6. Israel is either like or unlike her neighbors--that's not helpful.

以色列与它的邻国要么相像，要么不像，这理论不好。旧约导论课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

7. S. If you found this article helpful, please let me know by leaving a comment.

FORBES: Saying Goodbye To Retirement Traditions

8. It was very helpful for overcoming shyness and for just having a good time and being a little silly.

这个课在克服害羞方面很有用，它让人很开心，也让人有点幽默。SpeakingMax英语口语达人 : 为何选那门专业？

9. If you're getting these compilation errors, well, -- when you compile, notice there's a number of key help -- the number of helpful tidbits here.

如果你们得到了这些编译错误，当你编译的时候，注意这里有很多关键帮助-,这里很多帮助信息。计算机科学课程节选 : 哈佛公开课

10. Steven Kolpan says the immediate effect of climate change in some areas has been helpful.

VOA : special.2010.10.20

11. So these kinds of meetings, this kind of communication are, I think, very helpful.

WHITEHOUSE: Press Briefing

12. People who have quit smoking offer this helpful advice to those who want to stop.

VOA : special.2010.03.09

13. Mr. SHURKIN: The daughter is Allison, who was also very helpful with the book.

NPR: Electronics Pioneer William Shockley's Legacy

14. But a few bits of jargon are going to be helpful in allowing the conversation to move forward and this is certainly one.

不过稍微懂一点术语,会让交流更顺畅,这个定义当然算术语博弈论课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

15. I think these extra pictures sometimes they're helpful, sometimes they just make the book cost a lot more.

我想这些补充的图片有时是有用的,有时仅仅是把书价抬高了一点基础物理课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

16. "I don't think this particular vehicle is going to be helpful, " he tells BBC News.

BBC: Can crowdsourcing beat the flu?

17. Again, he and others, many of whom I outlined earlier, have been helpful in this effort.

WHITEHOUSE: Press Briefing

18. So often at TED the most helpful talks come from unexpected people and places.

FORBES: What Business Leaders Can Learn From TED2013

19. But Professor Rottenberg says those who felt shame or embarrassment while crying were less likely to report that crying had been helpful.

VOA : special.2009.01.28

20. It's nice, but not particularly helpful.

但是并没多大用处。计算机科学及编程导论课程节选 : 麻省理工公开课

21. The first time you use HeartMath, helpful slides walk you through how the product works.

WSJ: Review of Tink and HeartMath Inner Balance Sensor for iOS

22. It is always helpful to tell people how you feel so that your emotions do not trouble you.

VOA : special.2010.01.24

23. But remember that you do have recitation on Tuesday, so that could be very helpful with the problem-set, so be sure to go to recitation on Tuesday, and have a great long weekend.

记住，周二有习题课，这对做课后题很有帮助，所以周二一定要来上习题课，周末愉快！化学原理课程节选 : 麻省理工公开课

24. An "easy touch" or a "soft touch" is someone who is kind and helpful.

VOA : special.2009.06.07

25. It also provides a good environment for earthworms and other helpful organisms in the soil.

VOA : special.2009.06.30

26. However, some educational experts question how helpful it is to define dyslexia in such broad terms.

BBC: Teacher training to spot dyslexia

27. Your husband is very helpful, isn't he?

你的丈夫能帮上你很多忙，不是吗？

28. Still, I never went in, but for all that I might have something helpful to say about what it's like in France.

确实我从未踏进那片土地,即便如此,这仍有助于我谈论,法国是个什么样的国家死亡课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

29. Ask anyone who has been the victim of a financial crime how helpful regulators were.

FORBES: Pension Consultant Conflicts of Interests (April 1, 2002 )

30. That’ll be most helpful.

那太好了。

31. They have been extremely helpful, and we look forward to cooperating into the future.

WHITEHOUSE: Press Briefing

32. Helpful would be detailed research on the latest phase of the multi-year increase starting in 2009.

FORBES: The Minimum Wage Typifies Much That Is Wrong With Washington

33. The Directory can be helpful to investors by providing them with industry-wide and firm specific data.

FORBES: Investigating Brokerages (May 1, 2002 )

34. The Attributor system also provides helpful automation for publishers, such as notices to offenders.

FORBES: Attributor: Making Money By Combating Pirated Downloads

35. I've shopped them all, and the new stores have much slower service and less helpful staff.

FORBES: Street Smarts

36. This means she will do something for me, if I do something helpful for her in exchange.

VOA : special.2010.01.24

37. Here it would have been helpful had Steil offered more of his own analysis.

FORBES: Keynes, White, And The Battle Of Bretton Woods

38. The U.S. does sell some of its bonds to lenders (like the ever-helpful Chinese).

FORBES: Quantitative Easing and the Money Printing Press

39. He was very helpful.

他非常帮忙。

40. Local party bosses tend to favour local Chinese firms another reason why tie-ups can be helpful.

ECONOMIST: Consumer goods

41. But they believe there is a helpful change in the way the body processes energy in the monkeys that eat fewer calories.

VOA : special.2009.09.01

42. None of these suggestions is very helpful.

这些建议没一个有用。

43. I think that the entry could be seen as in some way helpful for our understanding of this poem, the Mask.

我觉得这个条目某种程度上来说,对我们理解《面具》这首诗是有帮助的。弥尔顿课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

44. " With little helpful information, Chetan, 13, of Plano, Texas, pursed his lips before guessing "c-a-b-u-r-r-i.

WSJ: Notable words from the National Spelling Bee

45. This thought process turns into an incredibly helpful brainstorming method for use with your team.

FORBES: What You Can Learn From a Reese's Peanut Butter Cup

46. And this time the revision has been in a helpful direction for George Osborne.

BBC: A bit more on borrowing less

47. Rumination is one of the things that we'll talk about a lot actually not that helpful-- to ruminate about painful emotions.

我们会频繁谈到沉思,其实沉思痛苦的情绪-,没有多大帮助。幸福课课程节选 : 哈佛公开课

48. An A to Z of careers gives helpful information about courses.

职业大全手册提供了有助于课程选择的信息。

49. Now we talked before about a diet that would follow the glycemic index, that's another pretty helpful method to follow.

我们之前还谈论过,基于血糖指数的饮食法,那是另一种健康饮食法之一关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

50. These are helpful, but remember to call the restaurant yourself to confirm those terms.

FORBES: Magazine Article

51. Other tools that are particularly helpful are structured brainstorming, mind mapping and making forced connections.

FORBES: The Missing Keys in Your Quest for Innovation

52. Well, I think one thing that's very helpful is for you to start to move, to move around to sway, tap your foot.

我觉得有一点会很有帮助,那就是你们跟着音乐动起来,跟着音乐摇摆或者用脚打拍子聆听音乐课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

53. And like all tools, it can be helpful or harmful depending on how we use them.

CNN: Computers can't replace real teachers

54. People had come for the free exam and for helpful advice, but also to see him.

NEWYORKER: The Operator

55. But mice are not as helpful as primates are for studying the behavior of human diseases.

VOA : special.2009.06.23

56. But he wants to get at something here, and I think it's helpful to put it next to that advertisement for Ulysses.

我觉得把它和那个《尤利西斯》的广告放在一起，会对你们很有帮助。1945年后的美国小说课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

57. And in those cases having the biomarker which adds a little bit of information may be helpful in terms of decision making.

VOA : special.2009.07.15

58. If you know first aid methods, you can be calmer and more helpful in case of emergency.

VOA : special.2009.08.11

59. So, marginal land is brought into play with hard work and ingenuity, and this is one of the things that Hanson emphasizes that is so helpful.

那么,边际耕地需要,在一定的生产条件下,生产收益正好足以补偿所需费用的土地,这就是汉森所强调的相当有益的一点古希腊历史简介课程节选 : 耶鲁公开课

60. These are all examples where CPR with mouth-to-mouth breathing may be more helpful that hands-only CPR.

VOA : special.2009.06.09

61. It even comes with eleven step-by-step projects and a helpful GUI right out of the box.

ENGADGET

62. And, it provides older, trusted, more experienced adults to offer helpful guidance to the students.

VOA : special.2009.01.28

63. He certainly had lots of helpful advice on how to build a top-notch operation.

FORBES: Q1 Labs: Recessions Can Be a Business Opportunity

64. He encouraged her to hire a babysitter, even a live-in if that would be helpful.

NPR: Excerpt: 'Unaccustomed Earth'

65. My major in English Literature is very helpful for any type of business.

我的专业是英语文学，它对各类职业都有用。SpeakingMax英语口语达人 : 为何选那门专业？