过去分词可以用作伴随状语吗

问题描述

过去分词可以用作多种状语，请问可以用作伴随状语吗？

若可以，请举例说明，谢谢！

老师答疑

陈老师：

过去分词可以用作伴随状语，表示它与谓语动作同时存在或发生。例句如：

She was lying curled up on her bed. 她蜷曲躺在床上。

She entered, accompanied by her mother. 她由母亲陪伴着走了进来。

Judith lay on the settee, absorbed in her book.  朱迪恩躺在沙发椅上专心致志地看书。

The film star walked to his car, followed by a crowd of journalists. 这名影星朝他的小汽车走去，后面跟着一群新闻记者。

陈老师：

过去分词可以用作多种状语，请问可以用作伴随状语吗？

若可以，请举例说明，谢谢！

回答如下 ：

过去分词可以作伴随状语，伴随主句谓语动词一起发生。

The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 

训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。（伴随状语）

过去分词(短语)作状语用来修饰句子谓语动词appeared，由于是伴随谓语动作而发生的，所以称作为“伴随状语。”(过去分词是具有"副词”语法功能特性的一种非谓语动词。）

备注：过去分词做伴随状语可以转换为一个并列连词and连接2个并列谓语。

(1)The trainer appeared and he was followed by six little dogs.

并列谓语(1)：appeared

并列谓语(2)：was followed

(2)The film star got off the train, surrounded by her fans. 

=The film star stepped out of the train and she was surrounded by her fans.

并列谓语(1)：stepped out of 

并列谓语(2)：was surrounded

下面这些句子都是过去分词作句子伴随状语，是伴随谓语动词动作一起同时发生的 。

那位电影明星走下火车, 被她的粉丝团团围住。

She stared at me, astonished.

她两眼望着我，十分惊异。

Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought.

爱因斯坦漫步街头，沉浸在思索之中。

The old woman walked slowly to the lift, assisted by her daughter.

老太太在她女儿的搀扶下，慢慢地走到电梯口。

The president went into the lobby, accompanied by the high officials and reporters.

总统在高官和记者的簇拥下走进大厅。

He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards.

身后跟着两个卫兵，他快步走向大厅

（关于过去分词作其它状语知识拓展讲解如下）

(一）过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词动作发生时的背景或状况，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、方式等。过去分词前面可带相应连词when, while, if, unless, though等

A:过去分词作时间状语：(相当于一个时间状语从句)

Asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
= When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
Whenever asked about it, he could hardly hold back his feelings.
= Whenever he was asked about it, he could hardly hold back his feelings.
Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last.
= After they were discussed many times, the problems were settled at last.

When asked her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.

当问到未来的计划时, 这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。(表时间)

When heated, ice can be changed into water. 

冰加热时变成水。（时间）

B:过去分词原因状语：(相当于一个原因状语从句)

Moved by his speech, many people volunteered to help in the work.

= Because they were moved by his speech, many people volunteered to help in the work.

Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 

= Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, I have made up my mind to study English even harder. 

老师的鼓励下，我决心更加努力地学习英语。（原因）

Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.

由于出生于贫寒家庭, 纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)

C：过去分词作条件状语(相当于一个条件状语从句)

Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 

= If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 

He will come if asked.

= He will come if he is asked.

Some medicines, if wrongly taken, can kill a person.

当误服时, 有些药可以要人命。(表条件)

D:过去分词作让步状语(相当于一个让步状语从句)

Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged. 

= Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.

Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.

尽管受到了父母的鼓励, 他仍然没有信心克服困难。(表让步)

E:过去分词作方式或伴随状（相当于并列连词and引导并列句）

He entered, accompanied by his secretary. 

She sat by the window, lost in thought. 

The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.

那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)

F:有时一个单独的过去分词也可以作状语,用来说明主语的性质特征.

He turned away, disappointed.

The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.

那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)

G:过去分词作结果状语

The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded in the head.

那个女孩过马路时出了事故, 头部受了伤。(表结果)

（二）关于过去分词作状语在句中的位置讲解如下：
 (1)过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首

Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling.

由于出生于贫寒家庭, 纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因)

Some medicines, if wrongly taken, can kill a person.

当误服时, 有些药可以要人命。(表条件)

When asked her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.

当问到未来的计划时, 这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。(表时间)

Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.     

从山上看, 这座城市非常壮观。

Discussed  many times, the plan was carried out at last.

在讨论了许多次之后, 这个计划最终被执行了。

(2)作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末

The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, wounded in the head.

那个女孩过马路时出了事故, 头部受了伤。(表结果)

The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 

训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。（伴随）

(3)作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首

The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.

那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。(表方式)

(4)作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末

Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.

尽管受到了父母的鼓励, 他仍然没有信心克服困难。(表让步)

Given more time, he can do it better. 

如果给予更多的时间，他就能把它做得更好。（条件）

 Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 

尽管这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来依然很漂亮。

（让步）

(三）过去分词作状语, 表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。

The film star got off the train, surrounded by her fans. 

=The film star stepped out of the train and she was surrounded by her fans.

那位电影明星走下火车, 被她的粉丝团团围住。

Given a lot of money, he lived a better life. 

=After he was given a lot of money, he lived a better life. 

给他许多钱后, 他的日子过得好多了。

Once published, this book will be popular with the students. 

= Once it is published, this book will be popular with the students.  

这本书一旦出版，将会受到学生们的欢迎。

(过去分词作条件状语)

Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.

= When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。

(过去分词作时间状语)
 Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 

=As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 

由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。

(过去分词作原因状语)
 Exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 

= Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 

虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。

(过去分词作让步状语)

(四)关于过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别

(1)过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，现在分词表示主动或进行的动作。

 Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant.

 从远处看，这座山看起来想一头大象。

 Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his childhood.

 每当看到这座山，他总会想起他的童年。

(2) 的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示完成的被动动作。

 Being helped by Professor Wu, Sara will learn Chinese well.

     在吴教授的帮助下，萨拉将会学好汉语。

 Helped by Professor Wu, Sara has learnt Chinese well.

     在吴教授的帮助下，萨拉的汉语已学得很好。

(3) 现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作有时发生在谓语动词前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的动作或状态。

  Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down.

准确地回答了老师的问题，老师让我坐下。

 Given more time, we will finish the work in time.

如果多给的时间，我们就能及时完成这项任务。

(特别备注：过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式的关系：过去分词如果既表示被动, 又表示动作的完成, 常可转化成现在分词的完成被动式；过去分词如果只表示被动, 不表示动作的完成, 则不可与现在分词的完成被动式换用。）

Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.     

从山上看, 这座城市非常壮观。(过去分词只表被动)

Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the plan was carried out at last.

=Having been discussed many times, the plan was carried out at last.

在讨论了许多次之后, 这个计划最终被执行了。(过去分词既表被动, 也表动作的完成)

(五）过去分词的独立主格结构

过去分词做状语时，其逻辑主语一般情况下通常是句子的主语。但是，过去分词的逻辑主语若不是句子的主语时，通常会将逻辑主语保留。这种结构中过去分词带有自己的逻辑主语。这种现象叫分词的独立结构。只用来做状语表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。

The table set, they began to have lunch. 

桌子摆好后，他们开始吃午饭。（表时间）

All his money gone, he began to look for a job.

所有的钱用光了，他就开始找工作。（表原因）

All things considered, the meeting had to be put off.

如果全面考虑，会议不得不推迟。（表条件）

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.

他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。（表方式）

He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.

他满脸是汗地跑进屋里。（表伴随）

（六）过去分词的独立结构在较口语的问题中还可以用“with/without+名词/代词+过去分词”的结构代替，通常也是表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。

With the experiments carried out ,we started new studies.

实验一做完，我们就开始心得研究。（表时间）

With my sister gone, there was nobody to help the old woman.

我姐姐一走，就没有人帮助那位老大娘了。（表原因）

The old gentleman was walking, with his arms folded across his chest.

那位老人在散步，双臂交叉放在胸前。（表方式）

Henry left the classroom, without a word spoken.

亨利一句话也没有说就离开了教室。（表伴随）