什么叫普遍条件-让步分句
2024-12-13 19:55:35 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
在一本语法书看到“普遍条件-让步分句”，请专家老师解释一下，谢谢！
老师答疑
曹老师：
普遍条件-让步状语从句是相对于选择条件-让步状语从句和单一条件-让步状语而言的。按照常理，有些人的话可以不听，有些人的话却应该听，现在有一个人无论谁的话他都不听，也就是说所有的条件都实现（普遍条件），主句的情况也不会发生，这就是普遍条件-让步状语从句，典型的是由no matter +wh-词,或wh-ever词引导的让步状语从句。
No matter who you are, I will not listen to you.
Whatever he may say, he is lying.
由此可知，有的语法书把让步状语从句分为三类：
单一条件-让步状语从句：由although, though, even if, even thoughy引导；
选择条件-让步状语从句：由whether...or...引导；
普遍条件-让步状语从句：由no matter wh-词，Wh-ever词引导。
多数语法书没有这样细分，笼统的把以上内容都统称为让步状语从句。只要知道所有的让步状语从句都隐含有条件在内，就够了，也没必要分的那么细。
陈老师：
普遍条件-让步分句即处在条件句和让步句中间的一种分句形式(或者说是普遍具有条件语义特征的非典型的让步句）。
条件让步分句为以下几种
(1)选择条件让步句
A:单项选择条件让步句
Even if it rains today, we will go climbing.
B:双项选择条件让步句
Whether it is rainy or sunny today,we will go climbing.
C:全项选择条件让步句
No matter what weather it is today, we will go climbing
(2)普适/普遍条件让步句
(3)量级条件让步句
以上都是一组让步句的集合，这个集合可能涉及2项，也可能涉及多项。
英语条件句可以下列5种方式进行：
㈠由条件副词分句表达，
① If you go out in the rain, you will get wet.
② Unless a person tries hard, he won't succeed.
③ In case I forget about the meeting, please remind me.
④ He will be allowed to do it on condition that he abides by all the rules and regulations.
条件副词分句里的连词“if”，在某些情况下可以省略，但句子要倒装，
⑤ Should it rain tomorrow/ If it should rain tomorrow, I shall not go out.
⑥ Had you worked harder/ If you had worked harder, you would have made it.
㈡由复合介词“in case of/ in the event of”引导的条件副词词组表达，
⑦ In case of fire, call the fire brigade.
⑧ In the event of an emergency, call up the police.
㈢由连词“supposing/ provided”引荐的分句表达，如：
⑨ Supposing (that) the matter was true, what would you say ?
⑩ I will lend you my car provided (that) you take good care of it.
㈣由“but for/ but that”引荐的词组或分句表达，
But for your timely help, we would have been in hot water.
But that Tom is sick, he would be here today.
㈤由祈使句表达，如：
Work hard and you will succeed.
现在来看看让步句的表达法。
⑴由让步副词分句表达，
Although he is rich, he is not happy.
Though Jim is learned, he lacks experience.
⑵由副词“however”构成的分句表达，
However hard you may try, you will not get the job.
We will have to finish the job, however long it takes.
⑶ 由代名词“whatever/ whoever”等表达，
Some students refused to work whatever the teacher might say.
She won't care whoever he is.
⑷由介词“despite”或复合介词“in spite of”引荐的让步副词词组表达，
Despite being tired, some students went on studying until late at night.
In spite of illness, David came to work.
⑸通过“no matter how/ no matter what”所构成的分句表达，
No matter how cold it is, Helen always goes swimming.
No matter what they did, their boss was not pleased.
