有关独立宣言的两个问题
2024-12-16 11:13:07 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States（当今大不列颠国王的历史，是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史，这些暴行的唯一目标，就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政）
1：在这里的the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States是object的同位语吗？
2：为什么having后面要加介词in，去掉它行不行？
老师答疑
刘老师：
The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States.（当今大不列颠国王的历史，是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史，这些暴行的唯一目标，就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政）
1：在这里的the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States是object的同位语吗？
2：为什么having后面要加介词in，去掉它行不行？
【重译】大不列颠现任国王的历史，就是一部屡屡伤害和掠夺的历史，其直接目标就是，对这些州建立绝对的暴政统治。
【分析】原翻译过于渲染，我重新翻译了一次。“当今”二字不恰当，容易误认为修饰“历史”。
1. all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States：是“独立主格结构”。其中，all是现在分词的逻辑主语，指前文的injuries and usurpations（伤害和掠夺）。
2. having the establishment of：直接理解为动词“建立”。
3. in direct object：介词短语“置于直接目标内”，修饰having，被提到宾语之前。
4. 因宾语the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States较长，动宾之间被介词短语in direct object所分隔。
5. over these States：介词短语作定语,修饰Tyranny。
曹老师：
all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States 这一部分是独立主格结构。
其中all指历任英国国王，
having是vt,
in direct object是状语。宾语较长，状语较短，故宾语后移，使句子平衡，同时宾语得到强调。
the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States是宾语。
have sth in sth = to place or keep something in a particular position。以。。。为直接目的，将。。。列为其主要目的。
修正：
主语部分说明了the present king of England. 因此all不应指历任国王，而应该是指injuries and usurations.
have在这里的意思是 to be marked or characterized by (a quality, attribute, or faculty) 其特点为。。。，以。。。为特征。
陈老师：
同意曹老师分析
(1)名词/代词+现在分词 独立结构(all having in ...)
(2)have sth in +(sth)名词结构(in sth介词短语作状语）
They recall the good buddies they used to have in middle school.
他们想起了过去上中学时的好伙伴。
"Maybe we could celebrate tonight." — "What did you have in mind?"
“也许今晚我们可以庆祝一下。”——“你有何打算？”
What kink did he have in his character?
他性格中有哪些怪癖？
The verb should be in the plural, e . g . " have " in " they have " .
这个动词应用复数形式, 如theyhave中的 have.
A good toolbox is a handy thing to have in any house.
任何一个家庭都应备有一个好的工具箱以便随时使用.
I have in mind some doubts which really puzzle me.
我心中有一个疑团,百思不得其解.
What do you have in mind?
你有什么想法?
The task I have in mind requires little more than perceptiveness and a good memory.
我在考虑的任务需要的正是洞察力和良好的记忆力。
We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.
我们应当抛开分歧，讨论一下我们的共同点。
1Mickey was a good laugh and great to have in the dressing room.
米基是个活宝，在更衣室里总是逗人笑个不停。
They have in their mind a picture of what an alcoholic should look like.
他们的心中有一个酒鬼应有的样子。
Politicians usually attract younger women, dare I say it, because of the status they have in society.
恕我直言，由于政客的社会地位，他们通常容易吸引一些年轻的女性。
Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility.
如果父母意识到孩子通常多么相信父母的品格和父母的绝对正确,他们会大大震惊和深深被感动的
Yet Kissinger succeeded in defying an old Washington dictum that you can have in the capital visibility or influence, but not both.
在华盛顿有一条传统格言:要么抛头露面,要么得势弄权, 二者不可兼得. 基辛格却公然蔑视这种传统.
Each time we stipulate what temperature we have in mind.
我们每次约定谈什么样的温度便可.
