用定语从句和用分词作定语有何区别

2024-12-16 12:54:51 学考宝作者：佚名

动态

问题描述

I have colleagues working in Scandinavia who are also responsible for the main cities in Europe.

表示一个人的职业和工作时为什么要用现在分词，而不用定语从句？上句中的working改成定语从句不好吗？谢谢老师的回答。

老师答疑

刘老师：

I have colleagues working in Scandinavia who are also responsible for the main cities in Europe.

【答】上述句子，若把现在分词短语 working in Scandinavia 改为who work in Scandinavia 或者who are working in Scandinavia，都不可以。

即,不可以说：

1. I have colleagues who work in Scandinavia who are also responsible for the main cities in Europe.

2. I have colleagues who are working in Scandinavia who are also responsible for the main cities in Europe.

原因如下：

1. 这属于“并列式定语从句”，两个从句之间必须加连词（and 或or，but等）。

2. 两个从句的关系代词（主语）重叠使用，除了啰嗦外，也不符合语言的表达规律。

3. 使用“并列式定语从句”时，两个从句应该体现出不同：不同的关系词；不同的时态；不同的结构；即便两个关系词相同，但两个从句的内容应相对或相反。例如：

The owner of the house whose wife is dead, whose son works in New York and who wants to go and live with him, is willing to sell the house at a low price. 这幢房子主人的妻子已过世，儿子在纽约工作，他想搬去和儿子一起生活，所以愿意以低价出售此房。

Mr. Smith, who has a good command of French and English but who doesn’t know Chinese, finds it difficult to study Chinese literature. 史密斯先生精通法语和英语，但对中文则一无所知，所以他发现研究中国文学很困难。

This is the house in which the famous man lived, which you visited 10 years ago and which becomes a museum now. 这就是那位名人居住过的房子，10年前你参观过，现在成了博物馆。

The old worker recalled that he would never forget the moment when he first met Premier Zhou and which he regarded as the happiest in all his life. 那位老工人回忆说他永远忘不了第一次与周总理相见的那一刻，那一刻被他视为人生中最幸福的一刻。

Paris is a good place, where art is so popular, and which many people appreciate. 巴黎是个好地方，那里艺术很流行，很多人喜欢那个地方。

曹老师：

I have colleagues working in Scandinavia who are also responsible for the main cities in Europe.

如果单独看I have colleagues working in Scandnavia这一部分，现在分词是可以改为定语从句的。现在分词作定语保证分词的动作和句子谓语具有时间上的同时性。当改为定语从句时，应考虑从句谓语用一般现在时还是现在进行时。换句话说，现在分词doing如果是静态意义，相当于一般体，如果的动态意义，相当于进行体。如果只是临时在那里工作，就是动态意义，从句谓语用现在时进行。如果是长期工作就是静态意义，从句用一般现在时。如：

I have colleagues who are working in Scandinavia.

I have colleagues who work in Scandinavia.

考虑到后面还有第二个定语从句，如果第一个定语也用从句的形式，则显得重复、单调，故用分词作定语，与从句定语相互衬托，使句子富有变化而不显沉闷。

当一个定语可用非谓语动词表示，也可以用定语从句表示的时候，选用哪一种视具体情况而定。原则是简洁，无歧义，避免重复，富于变化。

陈老师：

I have colleagues working in Scandinavia who are also responsible for the main cities in Europe.

=I have colleages who are working in Scandinavia who are also responsible for the main cities in Europe

表示一个人的职业和工作时为什么要用现在分词，而不用定语从句？上句中的working改成定语从句不好吗？谢谢老师的回答。

解答如下：

working in Scandinavia 修饰前面名词 colleages，表示现在这个阶段，他们在Scandinavia工作。

可以改为定语从句作后置定语。现在分词作定语和一般时作定语细微差别如下：

(1)现在进行时态：表示一种短期状态