as与which引导非限制性定语从句的选择题区别
2024-12-02 21:00:20 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
When deeply absorbed in work, ____ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. as
答案选 which,为什么不选 as 呢?
老师答疑
蒋老师:
我觉得这道并不严谨(出得不好),就本题来说,应该选 as 和 which 都可以。
本题的原题是2012年北京高考英语的一道单项填空题,但本题作了改动,原题是这样的:
26. When deeply absorbed in work, __B__ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
这位网友的这道题是把其中的选项D (when) 换成了 as。2012年北京高考英语的这道题之所以没有用 as 作干扰项,正是因为在此处用 as 也是正确的。但这位网友的这道题这样一改就出问题了。
刘老师:
此题只能选as,不能选其他。
这里的as 是从属连词,意为“像,正如”,was 后承前省略了表语deeply absorbed in work。as 不是关系代词。
因为方式状语as 从句重复了时间状语里面的内容,所以在翻译时,只需把often 放在主句翻译出来即可。
【翻译】当他全神贯注地工作时,他常常忘记吃饭或睡觉。
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【质疑】which 作为关系代词,能否指代前句中作表语的形容词(短语)?
我见到过这样的句子,但我怀疑其正确性:
She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。
She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样。
The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。
【说明】我根据词条which he is, which he was, which he often is, which he often was 等,查遍所有英美语料库,都没有查到which 可以指代前句中作表语的形容词的用法。
曾老师:
此题命题的确不严谨,这里用which或as都是正确的,which或as代替前文中的deeply absorbed in work。关于这一点,张诚老师已经引用了薄冰和章振邦教授的观点及例句作出了很好的解答。
ppt99网友和黄晓鹏网友均怀疑as是否真的能在定语从句中作表语。这里引用刘重德《英语AS的用法研究》一书中“As单独作关系代词”的一段解释以供参考:
......
二、As代表有关分句中一个相同或类似的名词、名词词组可以推论出来的概念。例如:
His grandfather was a simple-mannered man, as(=simple-mannered man) the large-hearted and large-minded men are apt to be.他祖父(在世时)是一个很大方的人,慷慨而心胸开阔的人们往往是这样。
He seemed a foreigner, as (=a foreigner) in fact he is. 他似乎是个外国人,事实上,他也是个外国人。
三、As代表有关分句中一个形容词所表达的概念。例如:
He was not sick, as (=sick) some of the other passengers were. (当时)他并没有病,其余乘客有些人倒是病了。
He thinks her answer incorrect, as (=incorrect) it probably is. 他认为她的回答不正确,她的回答大概也是不正确的。
以上二、三两种用法的as有两个共同特点:(1)都在从句中作表语;(2)从句中必定有个verb to be。
张老师:
When deeply absorbed in work, ____he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A.that B.which C.where D.as
【参考译文】
他以前经常醉心于工作,每每此时,他总是全然忘却寝食。
【参考解析】
本题出题有欠严密,是一道蹩脚的高考改编题。本题考查的是非限制性定语从句的用法,这里既可以用which, 又可以用as.
As/ which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句,一般在从句中充当主语或宾语,但是正如薄冰及章振邦教授明确指出的那样,它们也可以代替主句中的作表语的名词或形容词在从句中作表语。
1.The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact , they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。(薄冰 《高级英语语法》1990年版 p776)
2.He seemed a foreigner, as / which he in fact he was.
3.He was not sick, as / which some of the other passengers were. (以上两句均出自章振邦教授的《新编英语语法》 1983年版p706)
黄老师:
这个题目出得不好,我觉得选 which 和 as 都可以吧!