if和in case的用法区別
2024-10-07 11:12:25 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
We noticed that you've ordered two tickets for the SHB band's summer concert. However, we also see that you haven't made the payment yet. _____ you still intend to attend the concert, please make your payment through the webpage as soon as possible.
(A) In case (B) If (C) Perhaps (D) Instead
答案是 (B) If, 为什么不能选 (A) In case? 两者有什么使用上的区別?
老师答疑
黎老师：
引导条件状语从句时，if 表示“如果”，可以指现在、过去或将来；in case表示“如果”、“万一”、“以防”，只能指将来或过去将来时间，谓语动词用一般现在时或一般过去时。在你的句子中，谓语动词intend指现在时间，即“现在一心想”，所以答案应该是 (B) If, 不能选 (A) In case。
下面两个句子最能说明 in case 与 if 的区别：(a) I'm taking an umbrella in case it rains later on. 我现在拿着一把伞，以防一会儿下雨。(b)I'll take an umbrella if it rains later on.要是一会儿下雨，我就拿一把伞。【在句(a)中“我现在拿着一把伞”已经成为事实，而不管是天晴还是下雨。而在句（b）中，我是否拿伞，取决于一会儿是否下雨。】
以下内容摘自《牛津英语用法指南》第三版：
一般说来，in case 和 if 的用法并不相同。
Do A in case B happens 的意思是 Do A (first) because B might happen later（“（先）做 A，因为以后 B 可能会发生”）。
Do A if B happens 的意思是 Do A if B has already happened（“如果 B 已经发生了，那么就做 A”）。
试比较：
- Let's buy a bottle of wine in case Roger comes. (= Let's buy some wine now because Roger might come later.)咱们买一瓶葡萄酒吧，万一罗杰来呢。
Let's buy a bottle of wine if Roger comes. (= We'll wait and see if Roger comes, then we'll buy the wine. If he doesn't we won't.)如果罗杰来了，我们就买一瓶酒。
- I'm taking an umbrella in case it rains .我带上一把伞，以防下雨。
I'll open the umbrella if it rains .如果下雨，我就把伞撑开。（不能说： I'll open the umbrella in case it rains .）
- People insure their houses in case they catch fire. 人们给自己的房屋买保险，以防房屋发生火灾。（不能说：... if they catch fire.）
People telephone the fire brigade if their houses catch fire.如果房子着火，人们就给消防队打电话。（不能说：... telephone ... in case their houses catch fire.）
