being 用法的疑问(包括同义句改写)
2024-12-07 12:59:38 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
There are many others who do not favor the university campus being open to tourists.
老师,此句可以不可以改成:
1. There are many others who do not favor the university campus that is being open to tourists.
2. There are many others who do not favor the university campus that is open to tourists.
此外以上两句 is being open 和 is open 在意思上有什么区别?
老师答疑
陈老师:
There are many others who do not favor the university campus being open to tourists.
(句子结构为:There be +名词+who +do not favor +动名词复合结构)
【1】sb doing /one's doing 动名词复合结构只表示“一种抽象动作概念”
I remember Tom's going there.
我记得汤姆去过那里。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
你今天下午能回电话的话,我将非常感谢。
【2】sb doing sth 现在分词作宾语补足语,是补充宾语正在执行某个具体动作行为。(现在分词表示“主动进行含义)
She saw a thief walking into the shop.
【3】名词+现在分词作定语有3种情况
A:表示进行执行动作行为
The boy watching TV in the room is called Tom.
=The boy who is watching TV in the room is called Tom.
B:表示主动动作行为
The house facing south is mine.
=The house which faces south is mine.
C:既表主动,又表进行动作行为
The girl singing in the next room is called Mary.
=The girl who is singing in the next room is called Mary.
解答如下:
以上为动名词的复合结构,the univeristy campus为动名词的逻辑主语,存在有种逻辑上主系表结构。逻辑主语+动名词=构成动名词复合结构,和不定式一样,for sb/of sb+to do sth称作不定式复合结构)
备注:动名词逻辑主语有以下几种表现形式
(1)名词/宾格人称代词+动名词
(2)名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词
备注:名词的复合结构可以作句子,主语,宾语,但是作主语时,其逻辑主语必须使用“物主代词/名词所有格+doing动名词,作宾语,2者都可以”
老师,此句可以不可以改成:
解答:不能改为下面2个定语从句充当定语修饰前面名词
-
There are many others who do not favor the university campus that is being open to tourists.(定语从句)
解答如下:
以上句子结构为:现在进行时态的定语从句后置定语,表示一种非常态情况,修饰前面先行词univeristy campus.
2. There are many others who do not favor the university campus that is open to tourists.(定语从句)
解答如下:
以上句子结构为:一般现在时态的定语从句后置定语,表示一种常态情况,修饰前面先行词univeristy campus.
此外以上两句 is being open 和 is open 在意思上有什么区别?
(1)is being open 表示一种非常态
(2)is open 表示一种常态
解答如下:
(1)is being open 表示一种短期开放状态(be being+adj.)
The park is being open to tourists for free.
(短期免费开放)
(2)is open 表示一种长期开放状态(be +adj.)
The park is open to tourist for free.
(长期免费开放)
Tom is being stupid.(汤姆某个特点短时间表现愚笨)
Tom is stupid .(汤姆生来愚笨或者天生愚笨)
动名词复合结构在句中所充当成分讲解如下
【1】作主语
His being late for home made mother annoyed.
The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French.
学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。
【2】作动词宾语
I remember Tom's going there.
我记得汤姆去过那里。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
你今天下午能回电话的话,我将非常感谢。
【3】作介词宾语
At the beginning of class,the noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard outside the classroom.
在上课开始时候,打开桌子的生硬在教室外面都能被听到。
Mary insisted on my reading the letter.
玛丽坚持要我看信。
【备注1】在口语和非正式文体中,动名词复合结构作宾语时,常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词,用名词普通格代替所有格。
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我简直不敢想象彼得在五天内横渡大西洋。
They don't like me coming here.
他们不喜欢我到这儿来。
【备注2】
若动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的“物”,而不是“人”时,最好用普通格。
I was afraid of the tent falling down during the night.
我怕夜里帐篷倒塌了。
【备注3】若动名词的逻辑主语由较长的一组词构成时,最好用普通格。
曹老师:
提问的网友误以为being open to tourists是现在分词作定语,才进行了改写的尝试。这里being open to tourists是动名词短语,前面的the university campus是动名词自己的逻辑主语。带有自己逻辑主语的动名词短语作favor的宾语。是favor doing sth.结构。动名词作宾语,句子的主语通常就是动名词的逻辑主语。如果不是,则动名词就要带上自己的逻辑主语。动名词的逻辑主语通常用物主代词或名词所有格表示。但逻辑主语为无生命名词时则用名词通格。动名词作宾语的时候,现代英语非正式语体有用宾格代词和通格名词代替物主代词和名词所有格的趋势,尤其是动名词作介词的宾语的时候。例如
I enjoyed playing the piano.
I enjoyed Tom's playing the piano.
I enjoyed his playing the piano.
I enjoyed Tom/him playing the piano. (非正式)
This is a picture of Tom lying on the beach.
改写后的两个句子逻辑都不成立。人们不赞同的是大学校园向游客开放这件事,而不是什么什么的大学。
刘老师:
赞同“语法探讨”老师的解答。
▲“动名词的复合结构”作及物动词或介词的宾语,其意义在于:它不仅说明了动名词所表示动作的本身,而且还补充了该动作的施事者。传达出的信息是:一个带有“主谓结构的事件”,它实际是主谓句的一种变体。所以,把它作为一个整体考虑是关键。
所以,上述两种改写,已经失去了原句的意义。
▲“动名词的复合结构”,不同于“现在分词作定语”,也不同于“现在分词作宾补”。它是英语中一种特殊的表达方式,所以也叫作“含有逻辑主语的动名词”。试比较:
I can’t understand an adult scolding a little girl.
(“动名词的复合结构”an adult scolding a little girl作understand 的宾语。意思是我不明白“大人训斥小孩”这个现象。)
I was surprised to see an adult scolding a little girl.
(现在分词短语scolding a little girl作宾语补足语,补充说明an adult)
We know the man standing by the window.
(现在分词短语standing by the window作定语,修饰the man,相当于一个进行时的定语从句)
▲正是因为being是动名词,所以,原句中的being open 跟is being open (系词进行时)毫无关系,不可同日而语。
以后有时间的话,专门讨论一下这个问题。
【内容补充】
哪些动词可以接“动名词的复合结构”?
关于哪些动词可以接“动名词的复合结构”问题,大多数语法书都没有总结和归纳。理论上讲,凡是可以接动名词作宾语的动词(短语),基本上都可以接“动名词的复合结构”。此外,还有部分其他的动词或短语动词。常见的接“动名词的复合结构”的动词(短语)有:
advise, admit, avoid, appreciate, acknoledge, allow, bear, consider, delay, deny, detest, enjoy, envy, excuse, ensure, escape, endure, forbid, favor, fancy, facilitate, imagine, practice, anticipate, miss, like, dislike, hate, mind, quit, resent, resume, include, permit, involve, suggest, prevent, miss, postpone, recall, resent, resist, resume, risk, stand, show, understand, give up, put off, insist on, hear of, object to, look forward to, be worth 等等。