还要请教Teacherliu等专家现在完成时在语境中的用法
2024-12-05 12:17:40 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
第1组
A: Have you had your lunch?
B: I have (had lunch).
A: What did you have? 还是 What have you had??
B: I had burgers. 还是 I have had burgers.?
A: Who made them for you? 还是 Who has made them for you??
B: Mother.
第2组
A: He has got to Australia.
B: How has he got there? 还是 How did he get there？
A: He has taken the plane.还是 He took the plane?
B: Who has he gone there with? 还是 Who did he go there with？
第3组
A: Why are you crying?
B: Peter hit me. 还是 Peter has hit me?
第4组
A: I have got a nice model plane.
B: Who gave it to you?还是Who has given it to you?
第5组
A: What a nice jacket! Who bought it for you?还是Who has bought it for you??
第6组
A: What a nice painting? Have you painted yourself?还是Did you paint it yourself?
尊敬的专家老师，学生为学现在完成时，确确实实翻看了些许语法书籍，在这家网站上几年来陆陆续续多次请教过关于此问题，但由于学生资质愚鲁，没有学会，但还是不甘心放弃，盼望学得明明白白，而不是似懂非懂。以上是6组对话，请专家老师指导解惑，加以解析。
老师答疑
刘老师：
quanfa 是语法网和答疑网的老会员了，学习认真而执着，精神可嘉。现在，我把我的观点写在每个句子的后面，就算是简单回复你的每个问题吧。
第1组
A: Have you had your lunch? （正确）
B: Yes, I have (had lunch). （正确）
A: What did you have? （正确）
还是 What have you had? （正确，但不如前句）
B: I had burgers. （正确）
还是 I have had burgers. （正确，但不如前句）
A: Who made them for you? （正确）
还是 Who has made them for you? （正确，但不如前句）
B: Mother.
第2组
A: He has got to Australia. （正确）
B: How has he got there? （询问过去动作发生的方式，最好用一般过去时。如果询问发生的时间when，则必须使用一般过去时。）
还是 How did he get there? （正确）
A: He has taken the plane. （询问过去动作发生的方式，最好用一般过去时。如果询问发生的时间when，则必须使用一般过去时。）
还是 He took the plane. （正确）
B: Who has he gone there with? （正确，但不如后句）
还是 Who did he go there with? （正确）
第3组
A: Why are you crying? （正确）
B: Peter hit me. （正确，但不如后句）
还是 Peter has hit me. （正确）
第4组
A: I have got a nice model plane. （正确）
B: Who gave it to you? （正确）
还是Who has given it to you? （正确，但不如前句）
第5组
A: What a nice jacket! Who bought it for you? （正确）
还是Who has bought it for you? （正确）
第6组
A: What a nice painting? Have you painted yourself? （正确）
还是Did you paint it yourself? （正确）
【个人观点】综上，请你注意以下几个问题：
一、一个发生在过去的一次性动作，如果没有明显的过去时间状语修饰它，那么，使用一般过去时或者现在完成时，都是对的，只是后者强调了对现在的影响。
除非强调其结果对现在的影响，首选使用“一般过去时”，否则，才考虑使用“现在完成时”。
二、问答的时态要一致。即：问句用什么时态，答语也要用什么时态。
三、相对而言，“一般过去时”比“现在完成时”要简练，从字数即可看出：
Who gave it to you? （5个单词）
Who has given it to you?（6个单词）
因此，选择简练的一般过去时，岂不更好！
