广东省深圳市坪山区2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（含解析）

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深圳市坪山区2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试
英语
注意事项：
1.答题前.考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
考试时间120分钟，满分120分。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Many libraries around the world are as amazing in their architecture and organization as they are in the huge amount of knowledge they contain. With shelves and shelves of books, various collections and amazing historical and cultural displays. there are plenty of undiscovered wonders.
Beinecke Rare Book Library (New Haven, Connecticut)
Yale University has one of the most beautiful college campuses in America, and one of its most interesting features is the Beinecke Rare Book Library. It is one of the largest buildings in the world devoted to rare books and manuscripts（手稿） of famous people. From 2015-16 the library building was closed for 18 months for major improvement. Inside there is a stat ue of its main founder that rises up high.
Vennesla Library (Vennesla, Norway)
Located near the southernmost tip of Norway, Vennesla Library is more than a collection of books—it's a city cultural center and meeting place. The building hosts a coffee shop, open meeting spaces, classrooms for children and adult education courses. and a cinema. It is mainly built out of wood. The long. thin beams（横梁） on the inside were designed to look like the inside of a whale.
Suzzallo Library(Seattle)
Among the many beautiful features of the campus at the University of Washington, such as its cherry flowers and a light rail station, Suzzallo Library was built in the Collegiate Gothic style. Its buttresses（扶壁） are decorated with 18 statues featuring famous academics and writers such as Plato, Shakespcare, I. eonardo da Vinci, Dante, Galileo, Beethoven, Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.
Library of Muyinga (Muyinga, Burundi)
A school for deaf children, the Library of Muyinga in Burundi was built with local techniques and traditions. A rope hammock（吊床） that hangs between the first and second floors of the library serves as part of the children's reading room, a great place for indoor activities.
More information of them is just a click away.
1. Which library is suitable for people who want to appreciate statues?
A. Beinecke Rare Book Library. B. Vennesla Library.
C. Suzzallo Library. D. Library of Muyinga.
2. What makes Vennesla Library different from others?
A. It is mainly intended for children. B. It is a kind of culture complex.
C. It is located within the campus. D. It is in a shape of a whale outside.
3. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A culture magazine B. A travel brochure.
C. A website. D. A historical book.
B
In 2013, Deegan was trying to take control of her life after winning the fight against drinking. She did quit, but she was having difficulty reconnecting with people. Even looking someone in the eyes proved to be difficult. "I was sort of like a shell of a person and just didn't really have many life skills or self-confidence," Deegan said.
However, baking was something that always brought her joy as a child. One day while helping out in the neighborhood, Deegan picked up a handheld mixer and started baking. "My life was just out of control, but baking is such a controlled thing, where if you take the right steps and follow the directions, you'll get a pretty exact result," she said.
Deegan started bringing her homemade baked cookies to people's homes, which helped her reconnect with people. "Feeding people is such a universal love language," she said. However, she was still trying to figure out how to find a career at 27 years old. She had no real work experience and she couldn't put' quit drinking'" on her resume.
Deegan's life shifted in 2015. Encouraged by her friends, she challenged herself to see if she could sell just one pie. She sold dozens! She began baking out of her tiny apartment and eventually launched an official business in 2017. She spent four years developing a pie crust（酥皮） cookie recipe, which has since become the bread and butter of her business.“People have been walking, running and lining up to get cookies, and it's just been so magical seeing that,”she said.
When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone who is just excited to work, even if they don't have any experience. After her own struggle, she realized that the desire to work was better than having a certain skill set. And she became a second-chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system. "You just have to walk through the door and be ready, willing and able and excited to show up and work and you've got a job," Deegan told the reporter.
4. What was Deegan mainly struggling with in 2013?
A. Emotion management. B. Interpersonal relationship.
C. Work-life balance. D. Alcohol addiction.
5. What prepared Deegan for her bakery business?
A. Working previously in the baking industry.
B. Seeing people running to get cookies.
C. Wanting desperately to gain total control.
D. Offering baked food out of goodwill.
6. According to paragraph 4 and 5, what is special about Deegan and her business?
A. She achieved success through baking.
B. She was ambitious about her business.
C. She has an open-door employment policy.
D. She only hired inexperienced workers.
7. Which of the following best describes Deegan?
A. Creative and smart. B. Persistent and receptive.
C. Honest and optimistic. D. Kind and easy-going.
C
Today China is the world's biggest consumer of wheat. But it wasn't always that way.
Wheat only came to the area now known as northern China toward the end of the Neolithic（新石器） period, some 4,600 years ago. Initially, w heat didn't seem to be so delicious and had been treated as a crop of desperation rather than a cooking delight. The first farmers of northern China primarily grew millet（粟）， starting as early as 11,500~years ago. By the time of the Tang dynasty, w heat had replaced millet, becoming a major crop. But relatively little was known about exactly why this shift occurred.
In an attempt to track the answer, I accumulated（积累）a collection of nearly 1,200 data points covering more than 50 sites from the mid-Neolithic, about 9,000 years ago, to the collapse of the Eastern Han dynasty in 220 AD. The sites were across 8 modern provinces, ranging from Gansu province in the northwest to Shandong province in the east.
One possible explanation is a major climate shift, called the Holocene Event 3, which happened 4,000 to 4,500 years ago. At that time, the climate became colder and drier across continents, causing damage to crop production.
On top of this, the late Neolithic period was also a time of rapid population growth around the world. With an ever-increasing population and unsteady crop production, it is reasonable to assume that Neolithic farmers in northern China were struggling.
Wheat, it turns out, actually needs more water than millet, making it seem a poor choice for a dry period of history. But importantly, it can be sowed after millet has been harvested. That, we think, is the most likely reason why the people across northern China started to grow wheat.
From more extreme weather to changing coastlines, climate change has always brought unexpected and sometimes dramatic changes to societies. In this instance, the consequence of the Holocene Event 3 in northern China proved, eventually, delicious.
8. What can we learn about wheat from the second paragraph?
A. It replaced millet for its great taste.
B. It was a poor choice at the beginning.
C. It outnumbered millet 4,600 years ago.
D. It was the earliest crop grown in China.
9. What do the figures in paragraph 3 show?
A. The author found the exact answer.
B. The author did worldwide research.
C. The author took the research seriously.
D. The author was good at collecting data.
10. What was probably the main reason for northerners in China to grow wheat?
A. The water supply was enough then.
B. The harvest of millet was not satisfying.
C. It adjusted to the weather conditions better.
D. It had an alternative sowing season with millet.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How was millet introduced to China?
B. Why did Chinese farmers switch to wheat?
C. Why did China become the biggest w heat consumer?
D How was China's w heat growth affected by climate change?
D
Let's face it. You're likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you're procrastinating （拖延） to learn how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticking. So why can't you seem to get rid of that?
Though the psychological causes are still debated, there's a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity（时间接近）. This is often referred to as temporal discounting. For example, if I offered you $100 today or 110 in a month, most would take the hundred and run. But what if instead I offered you 100 dollars in a year or 110 in a year and one month, you might say to yourself if I can wait a year I can wait the extra month.
But the time and value difference are the exact same in each example. It. turns out that human motivation is highly influenced by how near the reward is meaning the further away the reward is the more you discount its value. So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one.
So how do you overcome the urge to put off so many tasks?
Unfortunately there is no definite answer, but try rewarding yourself with a timely snack or other enjoyable activities. The Pomodoro Technique makes use of a timer to work for 25 minutes straight and when you've done this give yourself the reward with a 5-minute break. Then start the working clock again, Gradually increasing the amount of work time you put in will improve your time management skills.
It's been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits. And try to enjoy the process of achieving something instead of thinking only our minutes of suffering.
12. What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. This article. B. Procrastination. C. An effort. D. The clock.
13. An example is given in Paragraph 2 to make the theory ______.
A. interesting B. accurate C. understandable D. influential
14. Why is surfing online more attractive to students than studying?
A. It helps them kill time faster.
B. It offers them more information.
C. It supplies instant rewards to them.
D. It strengthens the bond between friends.
15. What's a suggested solution to procrastination?
A. Rewarding yourself with a future gift.
B. Increasing the amount of work time.
C Ignoring the process of doing the task.
D. Paying dearly for your procrastination.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In 2001, UNESCO declared 21 May as UN World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development. The day's not intended to find out the uniqueness of different cultures, separating them from each other. ___16___ Here are a few modest and simple ways to mark the occasion.
Visiting an exhibition or a museum dedicated to other cultures comes first since it may inspire you to create something yourself, and heighten your desire to learn about a new topic or culture. ___17___. T or example, you can see the British Museum's collection online, and the National Gallery has a ɑ:gital tour of 18 rooms that lets you get up close to the paintings.
___18___ It's a great way to expand your knowledge of the world. Many traditional folk tales have universal themes, but at the same time, shine a light on particular aspects of another culture. So now might be a great time to dive into the storybooks and read folk tales.
There is perhaps no better way to experience another culture than listening to music. Even if you don't understand the words, you can still hear the influence of other cultures. You could allow yourself to discover music from every corner of the globe , on forums. ___19___ After all, series of musics are on the air, often with strong international influences.
It never goes without mentioning language while embracing culture diversity. It is relatively easy to have a go at trying a new language through the many smartphone apps or through an online language exchange. ___20___
A Or you could listen to radio programmes.
B. In short, it's never too late to learn a language.
C. You could also appreciate music in foreign films.
D. Remember language serves as a reflection and carrier of culture.
E Learning about traditional stories from other cultures won't disappoint you.
F Even if you can't visit a museum at first hand, you can select virtual exhibitions.
G. Instead, it's a chance to unfold the similarities and celebrate the cultural diversity.
第二部分 语言应用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The polar bear was a tiny point in a frozen white world. A film crew began to follow at a distance, gradually getting ___21___ , hoping to get a good picture. However, the bear came to a rest at a hole in the ice and started to ___22___. So did the crew.
For 12 hours the bear lay half asleep, half ___23___ without a move. It was too long; the crew had been working for 22 hours ___24___ on the sea ice. Cold and exhausted, they ___25___ defeat.
Hours of waiting for little reward is not ___26___ ."It's the price we pay to get unique images," says award-winning photographer Florian Ledoux. "It is a ___27___ for us to get each shot in Arctic — we push our limits." The battle is intense especially during winter: ___28___ dark ness affects your mood, the lack of routine ___29___ your body clock, you are forever fighting the bitter cold, and everything you touch with ___30___ hands sticks to your skin. However ___31___ your clothes are, the cold bites through.
An Arctic photographer for years, Ledoux has witnessed the significant ___32___ there. It is heating up, causing ice to melt and ___33___ the whole ecosystem. "Am I just photographing? No," he says. "I try to catch some unique beauty of ___34___ , to give a voice to the one that cannot ___35___."
21. A. easier B. larger C. closer D. darker
22. A. dig B. dive C. jump D. wait
23. A. awake B. alive C. aware D. alone
24. A. forward B. straight C. more D. later
25. A. overcame B. forgot C. imagined D. admitted
26. A. unnecessary B. uncertain- C. uncommon D. unfortunate
27. A. bonus B. battle C. chance D. lesson
28. A. Endless B. Aimless C. Windless D. Countless
29. A. wakes up B. follows up C. messes up D. winds up
30. A. bare B. empty C. rough D. cold
31. A. dear B. stylish C. thick D. heavy
32. A. change B. landscape C. accident D. advance
33. A. developing B. reforming C. monitoring D. threatening
34. A art B. nature C. ice D. space
35. A. run B. see C. hear D. speak
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Leshan Giant Buddha（乐山大佛） is a huge statue ___36___(carve) into the side of Lingyun Mountain. Sichuan Province. It is the tallest and ___37___ (large) Buddha in the world. There is a local ___38___ (say):“The mountain is a Buddha and the Buddha is a mountain.”If you want to get ___39___ close-up view of the Buddha, you have to climb the mountain. You can choose the walking route, going along the wooden pathways ___40___(enjoy) the changing view from various ___41___ (angle) of the Buddha, from its foot to its head. It ___42___ (take) around two hours. You can also choose to visit the Leshan Giant Buddha on a sightseeing boat. This will let you se c the Buddha from a distance ___43___ get a full look at it. taking only thirty minutes.
However, I bet you`ll just be ___44___ many other visitors — doing both the boat ride and the two-hour walk. Only when you join the walking tour up, down, around and even through the rocks will you feel ___45___ incredible the place is. Believe me, it's well worth it.
第三部分 基础知识（共两节，满分15分）
第一节 用所给词汇的正确形式填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）。
46. Children, when a______（陪伴） by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
47. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus m______（激励） us to continue along the same path of adventure.
48. They're not b______（感到烦恼的） about attracting the right audience——they just want bums on seats.
49. The movie star received i______（密集的） training in martial arts and boxing before shooting the movie.
50. Over the next decade or so a new global middle class will emerge, with estimates of its size v______（变化） from 1.2 billion to 4 billion people.
51 Recoveries after financial c______（危机） are normally weak and slow as banking systems are repaired and balance-sheets rebuilt.
52. Getting themselves e______（接触） to different languages and cultures is beneficial to children.
53. The police inferred, though they didn't exactly say it, that they found her behavior rather s___（可疑的）.
54. Politicians are reviving the notion that i______（干预） in individual industries and companies appropriately can drive growth and create jobs.
55. He woke repeatedly, in panic, c______（相信） that somebody had called out to him in the distance, imagining that the wind whipping around the tent was footsteps or voices.
第二节 根据句意，从所给词组中挑选合适的一项并用其正确形式完成句子，其中有两个选项为多余选项（共5 小题：每小题1分.满分5分）。
be comprised of: commit oneself to: appeal to: tend to:
straighten up: side with: live off
56. Sport has become an important form of entertainment. ______both men and women.
57. Yuan Longping, known as the Father of Hybrid Rice. ______ providing a robust food source in high famine risk areas.
58. We'd better get the messy room ______ before they get back, or there will be severe consequences.
59. With nurses and doctors carcfully ______ him, the patient was recovering at an amazing speed.
60. Though he is thirty. he is still ______ his parents. He should become more self-reliant.
第四部分 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Crash! The old black pickup truck in front of me stopped. I didn't. I crashed into its back breaking the fender（挡泥板） and bending the driver's door of my car. To make matters worse. it wasn't my car. It was my father's. I shouldn't have been driving it, and now I had destroyed it.
A farmer jumped out of the truck, slowly and carefully, and looked at the damage. I sat sobbing（抽查）， my lip bleeding where I'd bitten it. He was in a hurry to leave, but we managed to exchange names and phone numbers before he pulled out onto the highway again. I followed. knowing I dared not go home. I'd be in big trouble.
It was my high school graduation day. I drove to school and climbed out through the passenger door. Surveying the broken fender and the door, tears flowed down my face, which was rapidly becoming swollen. I walked into the gym and joined my classmates to prepare for the graduation party. Bad news traveled fast, and soon a teacher came to me.
"You'll have to go home to get dressed for the graduation sooner or later," she said. "Sooner would be much better and you have to tell your parents."
I finally agreed and slowly drove home. The Death March sounded in my ears.
My mother took one look at my face when I got home and screamed, "What on earth happened?"
I hung my head and tears rolled down my face again. "I crashed Daddy's car."
She threw up her hands in panic and rushed to the backyard where Dad was making burgers.
"Stop cooking, Ted. We're not going to cat. Jean has destroyed your car."
Dad looked at her and said quickly. "Is she hurt?"
"No, except for biting her lip."
"Well, then, what does that have to do with cating dinner?" He put a burger on a plate with the others, then walked across the yard and put his arm around me. "Let's go inside and hear all about this if you're sure you're all right." I sobbed and nodded.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The phone was ringing when we got to the back door.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I graduated that evening with my family in attendance.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
深圳市坪山区2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试
英语 参考答案
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
【A】
1. C 2. B 3. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个图书馆的相关情况。
1.细节理解题。根据 Suzzallo Library（Seattle）部分中“Its buttresses（扶壁） are decorated with 18 statues featuring famous academics and writers such as Plato, Shakespeare, Leonardo da Vinci, Dante, Galileo, Beethoven, Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.（它的扶壁上装饰着18尊著名学者和作家的雕像，如柏拉图、莎士比亚、达?芬奇、但丁、伽利略、贝多芬、艾萨克·牛顿和查尔斯·达尔文。）”可知，想要欣赏雕像的人适合去Suzzallo 图书馆。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据Vennesla Library（Vennesla, Norway）部分中“Located near the southernmost tip of Norway, Vennesla Library is more than a collection of books—it's a city cultural center and meeting place.（Vennesla 图书馆位于挪威最南端附近，它不仅仅是一个藏书馆，还是一个城市文化中心和会议场所。）”可知， Vennesla 图书馆与其他图书馆的不同之处在于，它不仅仅是一个藏书馆，还是一个城市文化中心和会议场所。由此可知， Vennesla 图书馆是一个文化综合体，这有别于其他图书馆。故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“More information of them is just a click away.（只要点击就可以了解更多信息）”可知，文章可能出自一个网站。故选C项。
【B】
4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了戒酒后想要把控自己生活的迪根喜欢烘焙，原来给别人送自制的饼干是想和别人搞好关系， 这个爱好促成了她开启烘焙事业，同时因为自身的经历，她在招募员工时很包容， 不嫌弃对方是否有相关工作经历或者不光彩的过去。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2013, Deegan was trying to take control of her life after winning the fight against drinking. She did quit, but she was having difficulty reconnecting with people. Even looking someone in the eyes proved to be difficult. "I was sort of like a shell of a person and just didn't really have many life skills or self-confidence,"Deegan said.（2013年，迪根在与酗酒的斗争中获胜后，试图控制自己的生活。她确实戒酒了，但她很难与人重新建立联系。事实证明，与他人对视都很困难。迪根说：‘我有点像一副躯壳，真的没有很多生活技能或自信。’）”可知，2013年时候的Deegan很难与人重新建立联系， 甚至都害怕与他人对视，可知， Deegan 在人际交往方面很吃力。故选B项。
5.细节理解题。根据第三段“Deegan started bringing her homemade baked cookies to people's homes, which helped her reconnect with people.‘Feeding people is such a universal love language,’she said.（迪根开始把她自制的饼干带到人们的家里，这帮助她与人们重新建立联系。她说：‘喂饱人们是一种普世的爱的语言。’）”可知，Deegan 认为给人送食物能表达爱， 所以她经常给别人送上自己做的饼干；第四段“Deegan's life shifted in 2015.Encouraged by her friends, she challenged herself to see if she could sell just one pie. She sold dozens! She began baking out of her tiny apartment and eventually launched an official business in 2017.（迪根的生活在2015年发生了改变。在朋友们的鼓励下，她挑战自己， 看能不能卖掉一个派。她卖了几十个！她开始在自己的小公寓里烘焙，并最终在 2017年推出了正式业务。）”可知，也正是这种出于好意的为他人提供烘焙食品的行为，为后来 Deegan 烘焙店生意奠定了基础， 故选 D项。
6.推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2013, Deegan was trying to take control of her life after winning the fight against
drinking. She did quit, but she was having difficulty reconnecting with people.（2013 年，迪根在与酗酒的斗争中获胜后，试图控制自己的生活。她确实戒了酒，但她很难与人重新建立联系）”可知，迪根以前是一个嗜酒之人，但已戒了；最后一段中“When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone who is just excited to work, even if they don't have any experience. After her own struggle, she realized that the desire to work was better than having a certain skill set. And she became a second-chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system. You just have to walk through the door and be ready, willing and able and excited to show up and work and you've got a job,' Deegan told the reporter.（迪根说，当她需要更多帮助时，她会找那些对工作充满热情的人，即使他们没有任何经验。在经历了自己的挣扎之后，她意识到工作的愿望比拥有某种技能更好。她成为了第二次机会的雇主，雇佣监狱或收容所的女性。迪根告诉记者：‘你只需要走进那扇门，做好准备，愿意、能够、兴奋地出现并工作，你就得到了一份工作。’）”可知，有酗酒史的 Deegan的面包店不关注应聘者是否有相关工作经历或者不光彩的过去，故有着特别开放的用人政策（open-door employment policy）, 这是特别之处。故选C项。
7.推理判断题。根据第四段中“She spent four years developing a pie crust cookie recipe, which has since become the bread and butter of her business.（她花了四年时间开发了一种派皮饼干食谱，从此成为她生意的面包和黄油。）”可知，迪根很执着（Persistent），花4 年时间研发一个食谱；第五段中“When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone whois just excited to work, even if they don't have any experience. And she became a second-chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system.（迪根说，当她需要更多帮助时，她会找那些对工作充满热情的人， 即使他们没有任何经验。在经历了自己的挣扎之后，她意识到工作的愿望比拥有某种技能更好。她成为了第二次机会的雇主，雇佣监狱或收容所的女性。）”可知，迪根善于接受（receptive）那些有缺点或能改过自新的人当员工。故选B项。
【C】
本文是一篇说明文，说明了为什么小麦会从中国农民不喜种植的作物变成大量种植的作物。作者通过认真调查研究分析了这种转变的原因。
8. B细节理解题；根据第二段“Initially, w heat didn't seem to be so delicious and had been treated as a crop of desperation rather than a cooking delight”，“起初，小麦似乎并不好吃，人们把它当作一种绝望的作物，而不是烹饪的乐趣。”可知小麦最初并不是一个好的食物选择。故选B.
9. C推理判断题，作者在第三段列举了非常多数字，收集了1200个数据；覆盖50个地点……这都说明作者很认真的对待这项研究。故选C.
10. D细节理解题；根据第六段“But importantly, it can be sowed after millet has been harvested. That, we think, is the most likely reason why the people across norther China started to grow wheat.”但重要的是，它可以在粟收获后播种。我们认为， “这最有可能是中国北方人开始种植小麦的原因。”可知北方人民种小麦的主要原因是它的种植时间和种粟是交替的。故选D.
11. B主旨大意题；全文作者介绍了小麦在中国种植的起源，以及用他调查研究的数据表明为什么中国人民开始大规模种小麦，可知本文最好的标题为“为什么中国农民转而种植小麦”故选B.
【D】
12.【答案】B 词句猜测题。根据第一段中 You're likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks you're procrastinating（拖延） to learn how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticking.你读这篇文章可能是为了避免一些其他你正在拖延的任务，学习如何停止拖延，但是时间在滴答滴答地流逝。可知，代词that指的是“拖延”。故选B项。
13.【答案】C推理判断题。根据第二段中 Though the psychological causes are still debated, there's a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity（时间接近）. This is often referred to as temporal discounting.虽然心理原因仍有争议，但人类有一种倾向，基于其时间上的接近程度，会高估或低估奖励的价值。这通常被称为时间折现。可知，本段中给出了一个例子，以使该理论易于理解。故选C项。
14.【答案】C细节理解题。根据第三段中 So being online is more appealing than preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one.所以上网比备考更有吸引力。问题是上网提供了许多小的快速和持续的奖励，不像你的考试成绩是未来的一个奖励。可知，上网比学习对学生更有吸引力是因为它给他们提供了即时的回报。故选C项。
15.【答案】D推理判断题。根据最后一段中It's been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits.有证据表明，设定一个昂贵的期限也是管理工作习惯的有效方法。可知，为你的拖延付出高昂代价是对拖延症的一个建议。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
16-20 G F E A D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，属于人与社会主题语境，主要介绍了几种简单的方式来庆祝世界文化发展日。
16. G。此空设于段中，与前一句构成转折关系，世界文化发展日的目的是为了发现文化间的 similarities“相似点”及庆祝文化多样性，顺承下一句“这儿有一些朴实又简单的建议来庆祝这个日子”。
17. F。此空设于段中，从本段第一句得知该段主旨是参观展览或博物馆可以增进对文化多元性的了解， 根据横线后面 For example…得知是举例，考查“观点+例子”的逻辑， 因此需要概括示例，得出“…, you can select virtual exhibitions你可以选择虚拟展览”。
18. E。此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，根据后文中 traditional folk tales. shine a light on particular aspects of another culture.得知传统民间故事可以是文化某个特定方面的反映。故选E“学习其他文化中的传统故事不会让你失望”。
19. A。此空设于段中，结合该段第一句主题句得知聆听音乐是了解文化多样性最好的方式，因此从A 和C 中做选择，再结合后文“After all, series of musics are on the air...毕竟， 一系列音乐被广播”得知听的是广播节目。
20. D。此空设于段尾，考查对整段的总结和概括， 该段讲述的是语言与文化的密切关系。“It never goes without mentioning language ...一定要提及语言…”故选D。
第二部分 语言应用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D
26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. A
31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摄影师们在北极的工作和意义。
【21】考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 一个摄制组开始在远处跟随，逐渐靠近，希望能拍出一张好照片。A. easier更容易；B. larger较大的；C. closer 更近的；D. darker较暗的。根据前文的“A film crew began to follow at a distance, graduallygetting”和后文的“hoping to get a good picture”可知，摄制组开始在远处跟随，摄制组希望能拍出一张好照片，他们逐渐靠近。故选C项。
【22】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这只熊在冰上的一个洞里休息了一下，并开始等待。A. dig挖； B. dive潜水；C. jump跳跃； D. wait 等待。根据前文的“the bear came to a rest at a hole in the ice and”和后文的“For 12 hours the bear lay half asleep, half___3___ without a move.”可知， 熊休息而且没动， 故只有“等待”符合句意。故选 D 项。
【23】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：熊躺了12个小时，半睡半醒，一动也不动。A. awake 清醒的； B. alive活的； C. aware 意识到的； D. alone 单独的。根据前文的“For 12 hours the bear lay half asleep”可知， 熊半睡半醒。故选 A项。
【24】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：时间太长了；船员们已经在海冰上连续工作了22个小时。A. forward 向前的； B.straight 连续的； C. more更多； D. later 后来。根据前文的“the crew had been working for 22 hours”可知， 船员们在海冰上连续工作了22个小时。故选B项。
【25】考查动词词义辨析。句意：又冷又累，他们承认失败了。A. overcame 战胜； B. forgot忘记； C. imagined 想象； D. admitted承认。根据后文的“Hours of waiting for little reward is not 6.”可知，他们花几个小时等待，却几乎没有回报，所以对于失败他们只好承认。故选D项。
【26】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：花几个小时等待却几乎没有回报，并不少见。A. unnecessary不必要； B. uncertain不确定； C. uncommon罕见； D. unfortunate 不幸的。根据后文的“It's the price we pay to get unique images”可知，为获得独特图像而付出的代价是正常的。故选C项。
【27】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我们来说，在北极的每一次拍摄都是一场战斗——我们突破了自己的极限。A. bonus奖金； B. battle 战斗； C. chance机会； D. lesson 课程。根据后文的“The battle is intense especially during winter:”可知，对他们来说拍摄就是战斗。故选B项。
【28】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：战斗是激烈的，尤其是在冬天：无尽的黑暗会影响你的情绪，缺乏日常生活会打乱你的生物钟，你永远在与严寒作斗争，你徒手接触的一切都会粘在你的皮肤上。A. Endless 无尽的； B. Aimless 无目标的；C. Windless 无风的；D. Countless无数的。根据后文的“darkness affects your mood, the la ck of routine9your body clock”和常识可知，在北极有一段时期是见不到阳光的，会影响你的情绪和打乱你的生物钟的是无尽的黑暗。故选A项。
【29】考查动词短语辨析。句意： 战斗是激烈的，尤其是在冬天：无尽的黑暗会影响你的情绪， 缺乏日常生活会打乱你的生物钟，你永远在与严寒作斗争，你徒手接触的一切都会粘在你的皮肤上。A. wakes up 醒来； B. follows up跟进；C. messes up 搞砸了； D. winds up 结束。根据后文的“your body clock”可知，生物钟被打乱。故选C项。
【30】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：战斗是激烈的，尤其是在冬天：无尽的黑暗会影响你的情绪，缺乏日常生活会打乱你的生物钟， 你永远在与严寒作斗争， 你徒手接触的一切都会粘在你的皮肤上。A. bare 裸露的； B. empty空的； C. rough 粗糙的； D. cold 寒冷的。根据后文的“sticks to your skin”和常识可知，在极冷的天气，徒手接触的东西会粘在皮肤上。故选A项。
【31】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管你的衣服有多厚，寒冷都会侵袭你。A. dear亲爱的；B. stylish时尚的；C. thick厚的； D. heavy重的。根据后文的“the cold bites through”可知，寒冷刺骨，不管你衣服穿得有多厚。故选C项。
【32】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名多年的北极摄影师， Ledoux见证了那里的重大变化。A. change 变化； B. landscape 景观； C. accident 事故； D. advance 进展。根据后文的“It is heating up, causing ice to melt and ___13___ the whole ecosystem.”可知，北极正在升温，冰融化，也影响了整个生态系统，这些都是北极的重大变化。故选A项。
【33】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它正在升温，导致冰融化，并威胁到整个生态系统。A. developing 发展；B. reforming改革； C. monitoring 监测； D. threatening 威胁的。根据前文的“It is heating up, causing ice to melt”和后文的“the whole ecosystem”可知，北极的变化对整个生态系统是个威胁。故选D项。
【34】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图捕捉大自然的一些独特之美，为那些不会说话的人发声。A. art 艺术；B. nature自然； C. ice 冰； D. space 空间。根据前文的“The polar bear was a tiny point in a frozen white world. A film crew began to follow at a distance, gradually getting ___1___. hoping to get a good picture.”可知，他们拍摄的是北极的大自然。故选 B 项。
【35】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图捕捉大自然的一些独特之美，为那些不会说话的生物发声。A. run运行； B. see看见； C. hear听； D. speak说。根据前文的“It is heating up, causing ice to melt and ___13___ the whole ecosystem.”可知，北极的生物圈收到了严重的威胁，但是这些生物不会说话，而 Ledoux 通过拍摄的照片替它们说话。故选 D项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. carved 37. Largest 38. saying 39. a 40. to enjoy
41. angles 42. takes 43. and 44. like 45. how
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述乐山大佛的一些情况。
【36】考查非谓语动词。句意：乐山大佛是一座巨大的雕像，被雕刻在四川省灵云山的一侧。动词 carve“雕刻”与名词 statue为被动关系，故此处填动词 carve的过去分词 carved, 作定语，修饰名词 statue。故填 carved。
【37】考查形容词。句意：它是世界上最高和最大的佛。连词and 连接并列成分，由tallest“最高的”， 可知本空用形容词最高级， largest“最大的”，作定语，修饰名词Buddha。故填 largest。
【38】考查名词。句意：有一个当地的说法：“山是佛，佛是山”。say的名词 saying意为“谚语，格言”。本句是 there be句型，根据空前的 is 和 a可知，主语用单数 saying。故填 saying。
【39】考查冠词。句意：如果你想近距离地看到佛像， 你必须爬上山。view 意为“景色，风景”，为可数名词，结合句子意思可知，本空填不定冠词，表示泛指， close-up 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
【40】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以选择步行路线，沿着木制小路欣赏从不同的佛的角度（从佛的脚到头）的变化景色。enjoy 意为“欣赏”。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为 can choose, 故此处用动词不定式to enjoy, 作目的状语。故填 to enjoy。
【41】考查名词。句意：你可以选择步行路线，沿着木制小路欣赏从不同的佛的角度（从佛的脚到头）的变化景色。angle意为“角度”， 可数名词。由 various“不同的”可知， 本空用复数 angle。故填 angles。
【42】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这花费大约两小时。take意为“花费”，本句描述一般情况，故句子用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数it，故动词用第三人称单数 takes。故填 takes。
【43】考查连词。句意：这会让你从远处看到佛，并得到一个完整的看它，只需三十分钟。分析句子结构可知，本空填连词and，表示前后的并列关系，连接 let you see the Buddha from a distance 和 get a full look at it。故填and。
【44】考查介词。句意：然而，我敢打赌，你会和许多其他游客一样——既要坐船，也要步行两个小时。结合句子意思可知，此处表达“像”的含义，故用介词like“像”。故填 like。
【45】考查连接副词。句意： 只有当你参加徒步旅行时，你才会觉得这个地方有多不可思议。根据句意可知， 此处是感叹句，结构是“how+形容词+主语+谓语”，故用how，表示“多么”。故填how。
第三部分 基础知识（共两节，满分15分）
第一节 用所给词汇的正确形式填空（共10 小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
46. accompanied 47. motivating 48. Bothered 49. intensive 50. varying
51. crises 52. exposed 53. Suspicious 54. intervening 55. convinced
第二节 根据句意，从所给词组中挑选合适的一项并用其正确形式完成句子，其中有两个选项为多余选项（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
56. appealing to 57. committed himself to 58. straightened up 59. tending 60. living off
第四部分 读后续写（满分25分）
One Possible Version:
The phone was ringing when we got to the back door. After answering the phone, my father understood what had happened. It turned out that the farmer called to ask whether I was safe or had any other injuries. Father assured him that I was safe and sound and offered to make up for the damage I caused to his truck. To our surprise, the farmer declined my father's offer. Meanwhile, my mother helped treat my lip and swollen eyes with some ice.“Don't worry about the car. Your safety matters most, ” my father comforted me. To my great delight, they decided to accompany me to the graduation ceremony.
I graduated that evening with my family in attendance. With my parents' company,I enjoyed an unforgettable and meaningful graduation ceremony. Even many years later, the laughter and sweet memory we shared together still lingered in my mind. Had it not been for my father's unconditional love and encouragement, I would have been sunk in depression and guilt. I finished high school, growing into a loving and confident person. I was so grateful that my dad taught me what's most valuable in my life.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去参加高中毕业典礼的路上，开着父亲的车去学校，结果在半路上遇到车祸，致使父亲的车被毁，但万幸的是，作者并无大碍。作者非常害怕被父亲责备，但最终受到父亲原谅的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们走到后门时，电话铃响了。”可知，第一段可描写农民打电话问作者是否安全，并拒绝作者补偿造成的损坏的提议， 并且父母决定陪作者去参加毕业典礼。
②由第二段首句内容“那天晚上我毕业了，我的家人都出席了。”可知，第二段可描写在父母的陪伴下，我度过了一个难忘而有意义的毕业典礼。
2.续写线索：询问——拒绝补偿——安慰——参加毕业典礼——回忆——感激
3.词汇激活
行为类
①接电话： answer the phone/ pick up the telephone
②补偿： make up for/compensate
③决定做某事： decide to do sth./ determine to do sth.
情绪类
①令某人高兴的是： to one's delight/to one's joy
②感谢： be grateful / show my gratitude
【点睛】[高分句型 1]. It turned out that the farmer called to ask whether I was safe or had any other injuries.（运用了 that引导的主语从句和 whether 引导宾语从句）
[高分句型 2]. Had it not been for my father's unconditional love and encouragement, I would have been sunk in depression and guilt.（运用了虚拟语气的倒装形式）

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