there be句式中动词be的变体英语语法
2023-10-10 00:30:35 学考宝 作者:佚名
there be句式中动词be的变体英语语法
there be句式中动词be的变体英语语法
there be 结构中be动词既有“数”的变化,也有“时”的变化。be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。单数is,复数are,如:
There is a table in the room. 房间里有一张桌子。
There are some birds in the tree. 树上有很多鸟。
一、 There be句型的结构
1.There is+单数可数+地点状语
例:There is a ruler on the desk. 书桌上有一把尺。
2.There are+单数可数+地点状语
例:There are four apples on the tree. 树上有四个苹果。
There are some flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。
3.There is + 不可数名词+地点状语
例:There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。(水是不可数名词,即使有some ,be动词也是单数)
There be选择就近原则:
There be句型的就近原则是There be句型中语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由最挨近的名词单复数决定。
如:There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔,但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen,因此,be动词用单数is。
二、There be 句型的疑问句及回答
(一)一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为“调整法”。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何“改头换面”的吧:
There is some water on Mars.(火星上有一些水)→
Is there any water on Mars?(火星上有水吗?)
There are some fish in the water.(水里有一些鱼)→
Are there any fish in the water?(水里有鱼吗?)
(二)There be 句型的回答
1.肯定回答为:Yes, there is/are.
2.否定回答为: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
(三)特殊疑问句
提问There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
1.对主语提问:当主语是人时,用“Whos+介于短句?”;当主语是物时,用“Whats+介词短句?”。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对于提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
如:There are many things over there.(那边有很多东西)→Whats over there?(那边是什么?)
There is a little girl in the room.(房间里有个小女孩)→Who is in the room?(谁在房间里?)
2.对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用“Where is/are主语?"啦!例如:
There is a computer on the desk.(桌子上有一台电脑)→Where is the computer?(电脑在哪里?)
3.对数量提问;一般有两种句型结构:
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语?
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
例句
1.单数可数名词
肯定句There is an apple on the tree.(树上有个苹果)
疑问句 Is there an apple on the tree?(树上有苹果吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
2.复数可数名词
肯定句There are five pens on the desk.(桌上有五只笔)
疑问句Are there five pens on the desk?(桌上有五只钢笔吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, there are. 否定回答 No, there aren’t.
3.不可数名词
肯定句 There is some water in the cup. (水是不可数名词)(杯子里有些水)
否定句 Is there any water in the cup?(杯子里有水吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
三、There be 句型的否定形式
(一)There be 句型的否定:
否定形式只要在be动词后面加not即可,is not =isn’t are not= aren’t
但要注意的是句中如果出现some则改成any.
1.There is a knife in the kitchen.(厨房里有一把刀)
否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.(厨房里没有刀)
2.There are five apples on the tree.(树上有五个苹果)
否定:There are not five apples on the tree.(树上没有五个苹果)
3.There is some ink in the bottle. (瓶子里有墨水)
否定:There is not any ink in the bottle. (ink是墨水,不可数名词(瓶子里没有墨水)
4.There are some birds singing in the tree. (树上有几只鸟儿在歌唱)
否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.(树上没有鸟儿在歌唱)