without sb to do sth与without sb doing sth的用法问题
2024-11-01 10:41:15 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
—How can we get the plan carried out without anyone ______ us?
—Maybe we can rely on Mr. White.
A. support
B. supported
C. supports
D. to support
答案为D,如果用 supporting 可以吧?二者有何区别谢谢。
老师答疑
刘老师:
▲英语中,“without复合结构”,也是“with复合结构”的一种,或者说是“with复合结构”的变式,使用频率相对较少。一般语法书和文章多论及“with复合结构”,很少讨论“without复合结构”。但是,该现象在语言中确实存在着。
▲介词without跟with一样,都可以带“宾语+宾补”构成复合结构,宾补可由现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、不定式(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词或介词短语充当。
▲“without复合结构”在句中主要作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、结果以及伴随情况等,也可用作定语或宾补。
▲“without +宾语+不定式”和 “without +宾语+现在分词 ”,这两种模式都是存在的,宾语是“不定式”和“现在分词”所表动作的逻辑主语,而且存在主动关系。之间的差别相对较小,如果一定有差别的话,那么,现在分词似乎表示正在进行的动作,而不定式表示将来的动作。具体到你的句子:
—How can we get the plan carried out without anyone ______ us?
—Maybe we can rely on Mr. White.
用to support 或supporting都对。
下面概述“without复合结构”的语法作用:
一、without +宾语+现在分词
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 在没人注意之下,他从窗户溜了进来。
The little girl always felt lonely without her mother accompanying her. 那小女孩没有母亲的陪伴总感孤独。
The robber rushed into the room without anybody stopping him. 在没人阻拦他的情况下,抢劫犯冲进房间。
He kept the money without anyone knowing where it was. 他把钱放在了没有人知道的地方。
二、without +宾语+过去分词
Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat. 橱柜上没有留下任何东西,她出去找吃的。
The conference hurriedly finished without a single agreement reached. 会议很快就结束了,没达成任何一个协议。
The battle was over, without a shot fired. 一枪不发,战争就结束了。
Without a speacial kind of steel added, the strength and hardness of the steel can not be increased. 不加特种钢,钢的强度和硬度就无法增加。
三、without +宾语+不定式
It was a poor village, without machinery to do any of the farm work. 这是个贫穷的村子,没有机械干农活。
You will not find the small mountain village without the guide to lead the way. 没有向导引路,你将不会找到那个山村。
New theory and improvements on the old idea could not have been expected without experiments to be developed. 实验不发展,就不可能期望有新理论和对旧观念的完善。
He could not finish it in time without his colleagues to help him. 没有同事帮助他的话,他就不能够按时完成。
四、without +宾语+介词短语
No one will believe your assertion without some clear proofs in support of it. 如无确定的证据证实,没有人回相信你的断言
He seemed to be very active without anyone in the presence of him. 无人在他面前时他显得很活跃。
During this period colleges have tried to accept students without regard to their ability to pay.在这个时候,大学已尽力录取学生而不考虑他们的支付能力。
五、without +宾语+副词
In the tale “The New Clothes of the Emperor” the Emperor walked in the procession without anything on. 在童话故事“皇帝的新装”中,皇帝走在队列中,身上一丝不挂。
Without the network on, no information could be gained from Internet. 网络不通,就不可能从因特网上得到任何信息。
六、without +宾语+形容词
The girl became less nervous without so many people present. 没有很多人在场,这女孩变得不那么紧张。
The volume of air varies directly as temperature, without pressure changeful. 在压力不变的情况下,空气体积与温度成正比。
以下两句是作定语和宾补的情况:
The discussion without any problem solved came to an end. 这个没有解决任何问题的讨论会结束了。(作定语)
In the dark street, we found a little boy without any clothes on. 在漆黑的大街上,我们发现了一个小男孩身上没穿衣服。(作宾补)
陈老师:
回答如下:
以上为WITH 的非谓语动词的独立主格结构(with +名词+to do 结构)
及结构为with+名词+to do(名词为现在不定式逻辑主语,是现在不定式动作执行者,因属于逻辑上主谓关系,因此用不定式表示将要发生的动作,
综合上面,所以答案为D,用现在分词,to do 结构。