longer than necessary的分析与翻译
2024-11-16 18:21:24 学考宝 作者:佚名
问题描述
The cleanup has taken longer than necessary.请问这句话怎么分析和翻译?
老师答疑
龙老师:
▲than necessary等于than it is necessary吗
关于这个问题,我与陈才老师的观点有所不同。我觉得这里的 than necessary 可以换成 than is necessary,但不能换成 than it is necessary。这已是一种惯用表达,不可随意改变。如:
It’s too long. 它太长了。(=It’s longer than is necessary) (薄冰语法)
We don’t want to do more than is necessary. 我们不想做不必要的事情。(麦克米伦)
Be brief and don’t talk for longer than is necessary. 简明扼要一点,别说得过长。(牛津)
I do not wish to complicate the task more than is necessary. 我不想使这项任务不必要地复杂化。(牛津)
比如《牛津英语用法指南》就有如下说明:
……than 和 as 在从句中可以替代主语:
He worries more than is necessary. 他担心过度。
(不能说:... more than it / what is necessary.)
▲than necessary与if necessary, when necessary不同,后者可以认为是省略了 it is。如:
I can take the car if (it is) necessary. 必要时我可以开车去。
The police are prepared to use force, if (it is) necessary. 如果需要,警方将随时使用武力。
Only use your car when (it is) absolutely necessary. 非用不可的时候再用你的汽车。
In principle, the banks are entitled to withdraw these loans when (it is) necessary. 理论上,银行必要时有权收回这些贷款。
▲翻译:
The cleanup has taken longer than necessary.
字面意思:打扫所花时间比必要的时间更长。
可以译为:打扫花了太长的时间。/ 打扫花的时间过长。
▲这只是个人看法,不妥之处,请大家指正!同时欢迎各位老师发表高见!
陈老师:
The cleanup has taken longer than necessary.请问这句话怎么分析和翻译?
=The cleanup has taken longer than (is) necessary
中文翻译:这次打扫要比需要的花费时间更长.
中文翻译:这次清扫要比必要的花费时间更长.
中文翻译:这次清理/清扫实际所花费时间要比必须时间更长
关于单词than一般用法和特殊用法
【1】用作关系代词than引导定语从句: than作关系代词时,一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中,其结构为形容词比较级(more)...than+从句,than在从句中作主语,相当于that,代表它前面的先行词。(这时,它兼有连词和代词的性质,也有人认为这种用法的than是连词,后面省略了主语what。)
The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxious than is necessary.室内游泳池过于豪华。
He got more money than was wanted.
他得到了更多的钱。运用上述知识翻
这件事情比想象的要复杂。(than)
This matter is more complex than is imagined.
这个广告的效果比预想的要好。(than)
This advertisement is more affective than is expected.
这个问题看起来容易,实际上很难。(than)
The problem may be more difficult in nature than would appear.
他爸妈给他的零用钱总是超过他的需要。(than)
He got more pocket money from his parents than was demanded.
因为这项工程非常困难,所以需要投入更多的劳动力。
The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult.
【2】用作连词than引导比较状语从句:
一,由于than既可用作连词也可用作介词,所以当后接人称代词时,可用主格也可用宾格。通常认为在正式文体中多用主格,在口语或非正式文体中多用宾语。
Everyone here is taller than I [me].
这儿的每一个人都比我高。
Her sister swims faster than she [her].
她姐姐游泳比她快。
但是,若人称代词之后跟有动词,则只能用主格。
Everyone here is taller than I am.
这儿的每一个人都比我高。
Her sister swims faster than she does.
她姐姐游泳比她快。
注意:有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。比较:
I love you more than he (likes you). 我比他更爱你。
I love you more than (he likes) him. 我爱你胜过爱他。
二、后接动词用不定式还是-ing分词
1. 当连接两个非谓语动词时,通常应使用一样的形式。
It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it.
借债容易还债难。
He likes playing chess more than watching TV.
与看电视相比,他更喜欢下棋。
2. 若不是连接两个非谓语动词,则其后出现的动词通常用-ing分词形式(虽然也可用不定式,但不如用-ing分词普通)。
There are worse calamities than failing your driving test.
比起你驾驶考试不合格来说,更大的灾难还多着呢。
Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.
再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。
三、引导比较状语从句的时态问题
若than引导的比较状语从句与主句动作不一致,可以根据情况使用适当的时态形式。
He drives faster than he did a year ago.
他开车比一年以前快了。
备注:若主句为将来时,than引导的从句可用现在时态表示将来,也可直接使用将来时态。
We’ll probably drive faster than you do [will].
我们开车可能会比你们快。
四、引导比较状语从句的倒装问题
than引导比较状语从句时,从句语序通常不需倒装,但在正式文体中,有时也可倒装。
City dweller have a higher death rate than country people do.
=City dweller have a higher death rate than do country people.
城市居民死亡率比农村居民高。
五、引导比较状语从句且在从句中充当成分
有时可引导一个从句并在从句中充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语),为便于理解,有时可视为than后省略了what (但实际上这个what通常不宜补上,除非在英国某些方言里),但也有人认为在一些类似情况下than有点像关系代词,引导一个类似于定语从句的句子(但又不完全像定语从句,因为有时其前没有先行词),这类省略句通常不能补上所缺的主语或宾语(,这类省略句通常不能补上所缺因为than就充当了主语和宾语)。
We don’t want to do more than is necessary.
我们不想做不必要的事情。
The pain was almost more than he could bear.
这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。
She’s not a very good manager she always spends more money than she earns.
她不大会理财——总是入不敷出。
另外,还有以下这样的省略形式(即不仅省略了主语,而且省略了助动词):
He returned three days earlier than expected. (=…than he was expected.)
他比所预料的早回三天。
六、后接时间或条件状语从句
若语义需要,有时其后可接when引导的时间状语从句以及if 引导的条件状语从句。
You are a little fatter than when I saw you last.
你比我上次见你时胖点了。
Joe carries only nine pounds more than when he was twenty.
乔比他20岁时只重了九磅。
七、同质比较还是异质比较
than 通常用于两个不同的人或物在同一方面进行比较,但有时指的可能是同一个人或物在两个不同的方面进行比较,此时只用于more…than…结构,而不能用–er…than…的形式(即使是单音节也是如此),这类结构通常可译为“与其……不如……”“有……无……”。
He’s more fat than short.
与其说他矮不如说他胖。
They are more brave than wise.
他们有勇无谋。
八、与never (a) 连用时如何理解
有时than与带有never (a) 的比较级结构连用,表示强调,通常表示最高级的含义。
I’ve never had a worse morning than today.
我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。
若意思明确,有时可省略than结构。如:
I’ve never seen a finer bird. 我从未见过比这更美的鸟。
九、than any other后接名词用单数还是复数
than any other后接名词时通常用单数形式,很少用复数。:
He swims faster than any other student in his class.
他比班上的其他任何学生都游得快。
More heat is lost through the head than any other part of the body.
从头部散发的热量比身体的其他任何部位都多。
十、容易理解出错的than习语
“no +比较级+than”与“not +比较级+than”
(1) “no +比较级+than”用于否定两者,表示“与……一样不”,其义大致相当于其中形容词或副词的反义词用于as…as…结构。
He is no richer than a beggar.=He is as poor as a beggar. 他穷如乞丐。
(2) “not +比较级+than”的意思是“不比……更”“不如”。
He is not richer than you. 他不如你富有。
This one is not better than that one. 这个不如那个好。
【3】与than一起构成固定搭配用法:
(一)more than
(1)more than+数词+名词:相当于over,表示“多于……;超过……”的意思。
More than 200 people had to be helped to safety when the stadium collapsed.
体育馆倒塌后,有200多人不得不被扶到安全地带。
⑵more ... than ... 引导比较状语从句表示“比……多;比……更加……或与其说……倒不如说……”的意思。
Many companies use computers more than they used to.
许多公司比过去更多地使用电脑。
In some places bottled water costs more than a glass of beer.
在有些地方瓶装水比一杯啤酒还贵。
Don’t be too hard on him. He’s more cheated than stupid.
别对他太苟刻了,与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。
⑶ more than + 名词 / 动词 / 从句形式表“远远;不只是;不仅仅是”的意思。
Yao Ming has more than just size; he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player.
姚明不只是拥有身高,还有优秀的技术和团队合作精神。
⑷ be more than (a little) + 形容词表“十分;非常“的意思。
The store is more than happy to deliver goods to your home.
本商店很乐意为你送货上门
㈡ no more ... than与no less than的结构
⑴ no more...than从结构上来看有个变体形式是“not ... any more than”,表达的意思是“同……一样不……”,表达的是类比关系;句子在翻译时有两种方式:先译主句后译than引导的从句,“……不能……”,就如than从句中的“不能……一样”;或者先译than引导的从句后译主句“正如than从句中的……不能……”,所以,“……同样不能……”。需要注意的是than后面的句子为肯定形式,但要翻译成否定的意思。
The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
心脏和胃一样都不具有智慧,因为他们都要受大脑控制。
Jack is no more diligent than John.
杰克不勤奋,约翰也不勤奋。
注意区别:
(2)not more ... than ... 表“不如……;没有到……的程度”(前者不如后者)。是more...than...的否定形式。
Jack is not more diligent than John.杰克不如约翰勤奋。
(3)no less than表“不少于;多达”的意思。
This book has been translated into no less than 30 languages.
此书已被翻译成多达30种语言。
The professor asked us to write the essay with no less than 800 words.
教授要求我们写一篇不少于800字的文章。
㈢ nothing more than与nothing less than结构
⑴因之前所提到过more than表示“不仅仅是……”,在其前面加上否定词nothing,则表示“只不过是……;不仅仅是”的意思。
There are always concerns that traditional dances performed in a theatre are nothing more than a spectacle.人们总是认为传统的舞蹈只不过是很壮观而已。
⑵ nothing less than是nothing more than的反义短语,表示“不亚于…;相当的;简直是”的意思。
Our performance in the play promises to be nothing less than wonderful.
我们在戏剧中的表演将是相当精彩的。
His appearance in the show was nothing less than a event.
他在演出中的亮相简直是轰动一时的事件。
㈣ rather than与other than的区别这2个短语的意思是“而不是”的意思。
rather than 意为“而不是”、“而没有”,侧重客观上的差别,还可以表示“与其……,倒不如(或宁可)……”,侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。句中 rather than 前后一般应为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式、介词短语,甚至分句等。
下面分别举例说明
一、接名词
He is an artist rather than a politician.
他是位艺术家,而不是政治家。(与其说他是政治家,倒不如说他是艺术家。)
We ought to invest in new machinery rather than building.
我们该在新机器上而不是在建筑上投资。
What attracted him is her personality rather than her beauty.
吸引他的是她的人格魅力,而不是她的美貌。
He is an explorer rather than a sailor.
与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。
You rather than I are going to go camping.
是你而不是我要去要野营。
(特别注意:rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。)
二、接代词
1. It ought to be me rather than you that sign the letter.
在信上签名的该是我,而不是你。
2. The person who should be praised is you rather than me.
该受到表扬的人是你,而不是我。
三、接动名词
I always prefer getting up early rather than going to school without breakfast.
我总是愿意早起床,而不愿不吃早饭就去上学。
He enjoys reading rather than watching TV.
他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。
He was engaged in writing rather than reading the newspaper.
他在忙着写东西,而不是在看报纸。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。
四、接形容词
I call her hair chestnut rather than brown.
我宁愿说她的头发是栗色的,而不愿说她的头发是棕色的。
Taking exercise every day makes him look younger rather than older.
每天锻炼身体使他显得年轻而不是年老。
The colour seems green rather than blue.
这颜色好像是绿的,而不是蓝的。
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
五、接谓语动词
She telephoned rather than wrote.
她打了电话,而没有写信。
She cried rather than smiled.
她哭了,而不是笑了。
He would die rather than give up smoking.
他宁死也不愿戒烟。
He ran rather than walked.
他是跑来的,而不是走来的。
特别备注:这里rather than 后用了walked,而没有用walk,表示客观事实,而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。
六、接动词不定式
I decided to write rather than ( to ) telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
She likes to keep things rather than ( to ) throw them away.
她喜欢把东西保存起来而不是随手将其扔掉。
Rather than go there, I'd prefer to stay here on my own.
我宁愿一个人呆在这儿,而不愿去那儿。
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
特别注意:rather than 后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to 的不定式。
如:Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
他唯恐蔬菜烂掉,把它们以半价卖掉了。
七、接介词短语
1. I'd prefer to go in summer rather than in winter.
我宁愿夏天去,而不愿冬天去。
2. We'll have tea in the garden rather than in the house.
我们要在花园里喝茶而不想在屋里喝茶。
3. She is reading in the library rather than in the classroom.
她正在图书馆里看书而不是在教室里。
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里。
八、接分句
John went to the seaside yesterday rather than he went where he often goes.
约翰昨天到海滨去了,没到他常去的地方。
You should help me rather than I should help you.
你应当帮我,而不是我应当帮你。
We should know what he meant rather than what he said.
我们应该知道他的真实想法而不是他说了什么。
We should help him rather than he should help us.
是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
The cleanup has taken longer than necessary.请问这句话怎么分析和翻译?
=The cleanup has taken longer than (is) necessary
中文翻译:这次打扫要比需要的花费时间更长.
中文翻译:这次清扫要比必要的花费时间更长.
中文翻译:这次清理/清扫实际所花费时间要比必须时间更长
关于单词than一般用法和特殊用法
【1】用作关系代词than引导定语从句: than作关系代词时,一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中,其结构为形容词比较级(more)...than+从句,than在从句中作主语,相当于that,代表它前面的先行词。(这时,它兼有连词和代词的性质,也有人认为这种用法的than是连词,后面省略了主语what。)
The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxious than is necessary.室内游泳池过于豪华。
He got more money than was wanted.
他得到了更多的钱。运用上述知识翻
这件事情比想象的要复杂。(than)
This matter is more complex than is imagined.
这个广告的效果比预想的要好。(than)
This advertisement is more affective than is expected.
这个问题看起来容易,实际上很难。(than)
The problem may be more difficult in nature than would appear.
他爸妈给他的零用钱总是超过他的需要。(than)
He got more pocket money from his parents than was demanded.
因为这项工程非常困难,所以需要投入更多的劳动力。
The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult.
【2】用作连词than引导比较状语从句:
一,由于than既可用作连词也可用作介词,所以当后接人称代词时,可用主格也可用宾格。通常认为在正式文体中多用主格,在口语或非正式文体中多用宾语。
Everyone here is taller than I [me].
这儿的每一个人都比我高。
Her sister swims faster than she [her].
她姐姐游泳比她快。
但是,若人称代词之后跟有动词,则只能用主格。
Everyone here is taller than I am.
这儿的每一个人都比我高。
Her sister swims faster than she does.
她姐姐游泳比她快。
注意:有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。比较:
I love you more than he (likes you). 我比他更爱你。
I love you more than (he likes) him. 我爱你胜过爱他。
二、后接动词用不定式还是-ing分词
1. 当连接两个非谓语动词时,通常应使用一样的形式。
It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it.
借债容易还债难。
He likes playing chess more than watching TV.
与看电视相比,他更喜欢下棋。
2. 若不是连接两个非谓语动词,则其后出现的动词通常用-ing分词形式(虽然也可用不定式,但不如用-ing分词普通)。
There are worse calamities than failing your driving test.
比起你驾驶考试不合格来说,更大的灾难还多着呢。
Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.
再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。
三、引导比较状语从句的时态问题
若than引导的比较状语从句与主句动作不一致,可以根据情况使用适当的时态形式。
He drives faster than he did a year ago.
他开车比一年以前快了。
备注:若主句为将来时,than引导的从句可用现在时态表示将来,也可直接使用将来时态。
We’ll probably drive faster than you do [will].
我们开车可能会比你们快。
四、引导比较状语从句的倒装问题
than引导比较状语从句时,从句语序通常不需倒装,但在正式文体中,有时也可倒装。
City dweller have a higher death rate than country people do.
=City dweller have a higher death rate than do country people.
城市居民死亡率比农村居民高。
五、引导比较状语从句且在从句中充当成分
有时可引导一个从句并在从句中充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语),为便于理解,有时可视为than后省略了what (但实际上这个what通常不宜补上,除非在英国某些方言里),但也有人认为在一些类似情况下than有点像关系代词,引导一个类似于定语从句的句子(但又不完全像定语从句,因为有时其前没有先行词),这类省略句通常不能补上所缺的主语或宾语(,这类省略句通常不能补上所缺因为than就充当了主语和宾语)。
We don’t want to do more than is necessary.
我们不想做不必要的事情。
The pain was almost more than he could bear.
这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。
She’s not a very good manager she always spends more money than she earns.
她不大会理财——总是入不敷出。
另外,还有以下这样的省略形式(即不仅省略了主语,而且省略了助动词):
He returned three days earlier than expected. (=…than he was expected.)
他比所预料的早回三天。
六、后接时间或条件状语从句
若语义需要,有时其后可接when引导的时间状语从句以及if 引导的条件状语从句。
You are a little fatter than when I saw you last.
你比我上次见你时胖点了。
Joe carries only nine pounds more than when he was twenty.
乔比他20岁时只重了九磅。
七、同质比较还是异质比较
than 通常用于两个不同的人或物在同一方面进行比较,但有时指的可能是同一个人或物在两个不同的方面进行比较,此时只用于more…than…结构,而不能用–er…than…的形式(即使是单音节也是如此),这类结构通常可译为“与其……不如……”“有……无……”。
He’s more fat than short.
与其说他矮不如说他胖。
They are more brave than wise.
他们有勇无谋。
八、与never (a) 连用时如何理解
有时than与带有never (a) 的比较级结构连用,表示强调,通常表示最高级的含义。
I’ve never had a worse morning than today.
我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。
若意思明确,有时可省略than结构。如:
I’ve never seen a finer bird. 我从未见过比这更美的鸟。
九、than any other后接名词用单数还是复数
than any other后接名词时通常用单数形式,很少用复数。:
He swims faster than any other student in his class.
他比班上的其他任何学生都游得快。
More heat is lost through the head than any other part of the body.
从头部散发的热量比身体的其他任何部位都多。
十、容易理解出错的than习语
“no +比较级+than”与“not +比较级+than”
(1) “no +比较级+than”用于否定两者,表示“与……一样不”,其义大致相当于其中形容词或副词的反义词用于as…as…结构。
He is no richer than a beggar.=He is as poor as a beggar. 他穷如乞丐。
(2) “not +比较级+than”的意思是“不比……更”“不如”。
He is not richer than you. 他不如你富有。
This one is not better than that one. 这个不如那个好。
【3】与than一起构成固定搭配用法:
(一)more than
(1)more than+数词+名词:相当于over,表示“多于……;超过……”的意思。
More than 200 people had to be helped to safety when the stadium collapsed.
体育馆倒塌后,有200多人不得不被扶到安全地带。
⑵more ... than ... 引导比较状语从句表示“比……多;比……更加……或与其说……倒不如说……”的意思。
Many companies use computers more than they used to.
许多公司比过去更多地使用电脑。
In some places bottled water costs more than a glass of beer.
在有些地方瓶装水比一杯啤酒还贵。
Don’t be too hard on him. He’s more cheated than stupid.
别对他太苟刻了,与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。
⑶ more than + 名词 / 动词 / 从句形式表“远远;不只是;不仅仅是”的意思。
Yao Ming has more than just size; he also has great skill and speed and he is a team player.
姚明不只是拥有身高,还有优秀的技术和团队合作精神。
⑷ be more than (a little) + 形容词表“十分;非常“的意思。
The store is more than happy to deliver goods to your home.
本商店很乐意为你送货上门
㈡ no more ... than与no less than的结构
⑴ no more...than从结构上来看有个变体形式是“not ... any more than”,表达的意思是“同……一样不……”,表达的是类比关系;句子在翻译时有两种方式:先译主句后译than引导的从句,“……不能……”,就如than从句中的“不能……一样”;或者先译than引导的从句后译主句“正如than从句中的……不能……”,所以,“……同样不能……”。需要注意的是than后面的句子为肯定形式,但要翻译成否定的意思。
The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
心脏和胃一样都不具有智慧,因为他们都要受大脑控制。
Jack is no more diligent than John.
杰克不勤奋,约翰也不勤奋。
注意区别:
(2)not more ... than ... 表“不如……;没有到……的程度”(前者不如后者)。是more...than...的否定形式。
Jack is not more diligent than John.杰克不如约翰勤奋。
(3)no less than表“不少于;多达”的意思。
This book has been translated into no less than 30 languages.
此书已被翻译成多达30种语言。
The professor asked us to write the essay with no less than 800 words.
教授要求我们写一篇不少于800字的文章。
㈢ nothing more than与nothing less than结构
⑴因之前所提到过more than表示“不仅仅是……”,在其前面加上否定词nothing,则表示“只不过是……;不仅仅是”的意思。
There are always concerns that traditional dances performed in a theatre are nothing more than a spectacle.人们总是认为传统的舞蹈只不过是很壮观而已。
⑵ nothing less than是nothing more than的反义短语,表示“不亚于…;相当的;简直是”的意思。
Our performance in the play promises to be nothing less than wonderful.
我们在戏剧中的表演将是相当精彩的。
His appearance in the show was nothing less than a event.
他在演出中的亮相简直是轰动一时的事件。
㈣ rather than与other than的区别这2个短语的意思是“而不是”的意思。
rather than 意为“而不是”、“而没有”,侧重客观上的差别,还可以表示“与其……,倒不如(或宁可)……”,侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。句中 rather than 前后一般应为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式、介词短语,甚至分句等。
下面分别举例说明
一、接名词
He is an artist rather than a politician.
他是位艺术家,而不是政治家。(与其说他是政治家,倒不如说他是艺术家。)
We ought to invest in new machinery rather than building.
我们该在新机器上而不是在建筑上投资。
What attracted him is her personality rather than her beauty.
吸引他的是她的人格魅力,而不是她的美貌。
He is an explorer rather than a sailor.
与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。
You rather than I are going to go camping.
是你而不是我要去要野营。
(特别注意:rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。)
二、接代词
1. It ought to be me rather than you that sign the letter.
在信上签名的该是我,而不是你。
2. The person who should be praised is you rather than me.
该受到表扬的人是你,而不是我。
三、接动名词
I always prefer getting up early rather than going to school without breakfast.
我总是愿意早起床,而不愿不吃早饭就去上学。
He enjoys reading rather than watching TV.
他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。
He was engaged in writing rather than reading the newspaper.
他在忙着写东西,而不是在看报纸。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。
四、接形容词
I call her hair chestnut rather than brown.
我宁愿说她的头发是栗色的,而不愿说她的头发是棕色的。
Taking exercise every day makes him look younger rather than older.
每天锻炼身体使他显得年轻而不是年老。
The colour seems green rather than blue.
这颜色好像是绿的,而不是蓝的。
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
五、接谓语动词
She telephoned rather than wrote.
她打了电话,而没有写信。
She cried rather than smiled.
她哭了,而不是笑了。
He would die rather than give up smoking.
他宁死也不愿戒烟。
He ran rather than walked.
他是跑来的,而不是走来的。
特别备注:这里rather than 后用了walked,而没有用walk,表示客观事实,而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。
六、接动词不定式
I decided to write rather than ( to ) telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
She likes to keep things rather than ( to ) throw them away.
她喜欢把东西保存起来而不是随手将其扔掉。
Rather than go there, I'd prefer to stay here on my own.
我宁愿一个人呆在这儿,而不愿去那儿。
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
特别注意:rather than 后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to 的不定式。
如:Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
他唯恐蔬菜烂掉,把它们以半价卖掉了。
七、接介词短语
1. I'd prefer to go in summer rather than in winter.
我宁愿夏天去,而不愿冬天去。
2. We'll have tea in the garden rather than in the house.
我们要在花园里喝茶而不想在屋里喝茶。
3. She is reading in the library rather than in the classroom.
她正在图书馆里看书而不是在教室里。
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里。
八、接分句
John went to the seaside yesterday rather than he went where he often goes.
约翰昨天到海滨去了,没到他常去的地方。
You should help me rather than I should help you.
你应当帮我,而不是我应当帮你。
We should know what he meant rather than what he said.
我们应该知道他的真实想法而不是他说了什么。
We should help him rather than he should help us.
是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。