need在句子中是实义动词吗
2024-12-09 17:39:52 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
My car battery has run down; it needs recharging.
recharge是什么词性，在句子中的成分？
老师答疑
刘老师：
My car battery has run down; it needs recharging.
recharge是什么词性，在句子中的成分？
【答】recharge是动词， recharging是动名词作needs的宾语。
下面我讲解一下，为何使用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。
▲表示“需要”概念的几个动词，如need，want，require，deserve等，后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词或不定式。
这些动词的宾语，首选是表示“动作意义的名词”；如果没有名词，则使用动名词代替；然后再考虑使用动词不定式。
▲“汽车电池被充电”，意思上看是被动语态。但名词本身无须体现被动，只能在语义中领会被动的概念；其次，动名词本身就具备了名词特点，所以跟名词的意义别无二致。但是，使用不定式就不同了，因为不定式能够体现出主动和被动意义，所以，主动结构和被动结构差别甚大。例如：
She needs to protect her mother. 她需要保护她妈妈。
She needs to be protected. 她需要被保护。
▲仔细体味以下两组句子：
第一组：失败者需要鼓励。
1. Losers need encouragement.
2. Losers need encouraging.
3. Losers need to be encouraged.
第二组：残疾人需要帮助。
1. The disabled people need help.
2. The disabled people need helping.
3.The disabled people need to be helped.
▲每组的3个句子意思相同。但是，我的观点是：宾语有名词的话，首先考虑使用句1的表达，不用句2。其次，动名词具备名词概念，所以句2和句3相比，句2重在表达笼统概念；句3重在表达具体概念。
陈老师：
My car battery has run down; it needs recharging.
参考译文：我骑车的电量没有了，它需要充电了。
recharge是什么词性，在句子中的成分？
解答如下：
A: recharge 是动词词性，在句子充当宾语成分,意思是“给（电池）充电”
(1)recharge vt.给（电池）充电
He is using your mains electricity to recharge his car battery.
他在用你家里的电源给他的车载蓄电池充电。
(2)recharge vt.放松；休息；补充精力
He wanted to recharge his batteries and come back feeling fresh and positive.
他想去放松休息一下，然后精力充沛、干劲十足地回来。
B: go down 属于短语动词
(1) vi.(机器或设备等)逐渐损耗，效能降低
(英文解释：If a machine or device runs down, it gradually loses power or works more slowly.)
The batteries are running down.
这些电池快没电了。
(2)vt.（车辆）把…撞伤，撞倒
（英文解释:If a vehicle or its driver runs someone down, the vehicle hits them and injures them.)
Lozano claimed that motorcycle driver Clement Lloyd was trying to run him down.
洛扎诺声称克莱门特·劳埃德骑着摩托车想把他撞伤。
(3)vt.压缩;削减;减少
(英文解释:If people run down an industry or an organization, they deliberately reduce its size or the amount of work that it does.)
The government is cynically running down Swe-den's welfare system..
瑞典政府正自私自利地削减本国的福利。
The property business could be sold or run down.
可售出或削减房地产业务。
(4)vt.减少;降低
(英文解释:If someone runs down an amount of something, they reduce it or allow it to decrease.)
But the survey also revealed firms were running down stocks instead of making new products.
但是调查也显示，各公司正在减少库存，而没有生产新的产品。
Its $25m reserve fund had been run down to around $8m.
其2,500万美元的储备金已被减少到了800万美元左右。
C:need +doing =need to be done
属于动名词主动式表示被动含义用法
主语+want/need/require +doing =主语+want/need/require to be done 意思“主语需要做某事”
want/need/require+动名词主动式作宾语表示被动含义，即相当于后面接不定式被动式作宾语的含义。
The clock needs winding once a week.
=The clock needs to be wound once a week.
这只钟每周上一次发条。
My coat needs mending.
=My coat needs to be mended.
我的外衣需要修补。
This chapter needs rewriting.
这一章需要重写。
Your hair needs cutting.
你需要理发了。
These patients need looking after.
这些病人需要照料。
黎老师：
needs在下面句子中是实义动词， recharging是动名词，作needs的宾语：
My car battery has run down; it needs recharging.
