副词在句中的位置在英美英语中有何区别

问题描述

Mid-position adverbs usually go after auxiliary verbs, after am / are / is / was / were and before other verbs.

• She has never written to me.

• The discussion was mainly about politics.

When there are two or more auxiliary verbs, the adverb usually goes after the first.

• You have definitely been working hard.

In American English, mid-position adverbs are often put before auxiliary verbs and am / are / is / was / were, even when the verb is not emphasized.

• You certainly have made him angry. (US)

• You have certainly made him angry. (GB)

• You are always late. (GB)

• You always are late. (US)

• America has long been known as a land of opportunities. (GB)

• America long has been known as a land of opportunities. (US)

  疑问：那么语法网上文章说的主要是英式用法？如果按照上述分类，中位副词有哪些？

老师答疑

刘老师：

你用英文写的这些规则和例句，已经讲得很清晰了。

【补充】

    1. 时间副词

    时间副词可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。表频率的时间副词还可以放在动词的前面。

    He often quarrels with his wife.他经常和他的妻子吵架。

    There will be a basketball match tomorrow. 明天将有一场篮球赛。

    2. 地点副词

    地点副词通常置于句末，紧跟在动词（+宾语）后。

    I used to play there. 我过去常在那儿玩。

    The guards rushed upstairs. 卫兵们冲上楼去。

    3. 方式副词

    方式副词主要放在动词（+宾语）的后面，在表示特别强调时，偶尔也可放在实义动词的前面，第一个助动词的后面。

    You should drive carefully. 你应该小心驾驶。

    We warmly welcomed the guests at the door. 我们在门口热情地欢迎客人。

    People present are all quietly waiting in the hall. 与会者们都在大厅里静静地等候着。

    4. 程度副词

    程度副词修饰形容词和副词时，应放在形容词和副词的前面；修饰动词时，常放在第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前。

    When we got home,it was very late. 我们到家时，已经很晚了。

    We were all greatly moved by the little girl's deeds. 我们都被那个小女孩的事迹深深地感动了。

【特别注意】

    enough作副词时，总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。

    They can not walk fast enough.他们不能走得足够快。

    The book is easy enough for little kids.这本书对小孩子们来说足够容易。

    5. 频度副词

    频度副词通常位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，有时也可放在句首或句末。

    The young couple always quarrel with each other over family affairs. 这对年轻夫妇总是为了家务事而争吵。

    I have seldom communicated with her. 我很少与她联系。

    6. 评论副词

    评论副词常置于句首，有时也可置于句中或句末，常有逗号与主句隔开。

    Honestly, he is unfit for the job.直说吧，他不胜任这份工作。

    Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by a PLA man.

    很幸运，他没被淹死，被一个解放军战士救了。

    7. 连接副词

    （1）如果连接的是两个独立的句子，连接副词的第一个字母要大写。

    It was freezingly cold. Nonetheless/Nevertheless/However/Still, many people went fishing.天非常冷，但仍有很多人去钓鱼。

    The hurricane damaged the power lines.Consequently, the whole village blacked out last night.飓风破坏了线路，所以昨天晚上整个村庄一片黑暗。

    （2）如果连接的是两个对等的句子，连接副词不大写，前面用分号。

    The new manager is intelligent and hard-working; moreover, he is very charming. 那位新任经理才多智广，工作努力，并且也很有魅力。

    They ran out of all the petrol.Furthermore, they lost their way. 他们用光了所有的汽油，而且他们迷了路。

    (3)连接副词有时放在主语和谓语之间，前后用逗号隔开；有时也可以放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。

    You haven't told us your opinion.You can, however, make it clear now. 你还没有告诉我们你的意见，但是现在你可以明白地告诉我们。

    He worked day and night. He was able to buy the sports car, therefore. 他日夜工作，所以有能力买那辆跑车。

    （4）hence, then, thus, so, yet之后通常不用逗号。

    It is very late,hence you must go to bed. 时间很晚了，所以你必须上床睡觉了。

    Melt the butter over high heat, then add the egg. 先把奶油用高温融化，然后再加上鸡蛋。

    （5）hence, then, thus, yet, so, therefore前面可以用逗号，如果两个句子较长且复杂，常用分号。

    They did their best, yet they were defeated.他们尽了力，却还是失败了。

    We do not own the building, thus it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it. 我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大的改动。

    （6）对等的连接副词可以在之前再加and连接。

    The site has a number of advantages, and furthermore, the asking price is quite low. 这个位置有很多有利的条件，而且索要的价钱也相当低。

    There is still much to discuss,and therefore we shall return to this item at our next meeting. 要讨论的问题还有很多，所以我们将在下次会议上再讨论这项议题。

    8. 多个副词的排列顺序

    （1）时间副词和地点副词同时出现时，先地点副词，后时间副词。它们可以同时放在句末，也可以一个在句首，一个在句末，但不能同时放在句首。

    We are going to travel globally very soon.我们很快就要进行环球旅行。

    They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.

    =Yesterday they went boating in Zhongshan Park.他们昨天去中山公园划船了。

    （2）away, back, backward, forward, out, in, off, on, up等与介词同形的副词，放在其他副词之前。

    At the bad news, Mary walked away sadly. 玛丽听到这个坏消息后伤心地走了。

    The little boy looked back anxiously at me. 那个小男孩焦虑地回头看着我。

    （3）强调某一副词时，将需要强调的副词提到前面。

    Jack anxiously looked at me. 杰克焦虑地看着我。

    Very carefully, the policeman examined the dead person's chest. 警察非常仔细地检查了死者的胸部。

(4)多个副词修饰动词作状语时，其顺序一般为“状态或程度+地点+方式+频率+时间”。