英语技巧：高中语法-直接引语与间接引语精讲
2023-11-03 12:28:41 学考宝 作者：佚名
重点词汇预告
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句：
- He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
- He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
v.(is,am的过去式)是，在
参考例句：
- He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
- He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
pron.你自己
参考例句：
- I need you to do it yourself.我要你亲自做。
- Late again,Tom?I hope you can explain yourself.汤姆，又迟到了？我希望你能说明理由。
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
参考例句：
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
pron.我自己
参考例句：
- Should I do it myself?我应该自己做吗？
- I woke up to find myself in the hospital.我醒来发现自己在医院里。
n.陆地；大地；地球
参考例句：
- The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
- Spring returns to the earth.大地回春。
n.（英）汽油（[美]gasoline）
参考例句：
- After a long journey,we got to a petrol station at last.一场长途跋涉后，我们终于赶到了加油站。
- Nowadays petrol costs too much.如今的汽油太贵了。
n.丈夫
参考例句：
- My husband just lost his job.我老公刚刚失业了。
- I visited my daughter and her husband.我去看望我的女儿和女婿。
adj.极坏的；极讨厌的；令人畏惧的，可怕的；威严的，庄重的；极度的，非常的
参考例句：
- The weather is awful today.今天天气坏透了。
- An awful accident has happened.发生了一起可怕的意外事故。
v.抱怨，诉苦，投诉( complain的过去式和过去分词 )；申诉，控诉，抗议；诉说，申诉，控告[后面常跟从句]
参考例句：
- They complained about the excessive noise coming from the upstairs flat. 他们抱怨楼上发出的噪音太大。
- He has complained of being harassed by the police. 他投诉受到警方侵扰。
v.称赞( praise的过去式和过去分词 )；赞美；颂扬；崇拜
参考例句：
- He was magnanimous in defeat and praised his opponent's skill. 他对失败表现得很洒脱，并且赞扬了对手的才能。
- He was praised for his neat and careful work. 他因工作认真、利索而受到赞扬。 来自《简明英汉词典》
正文
直接引语与间接引语专题讲座
定义：
直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
例：He said1:" It is too late."
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例：He said it was2 too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
第一：人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
例如：
直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
间接引语 She said she was hungry.
直接引语 Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself3."
间接引语 Mum told me that I had4 to clean my bedroom by myself5.
第二：时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。
注意：
1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth6."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。
例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.
3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
第四：句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。
如：She said:" I am a girl."
She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)
2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。
例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如："How much have we spent on petrol7 this year," Susan asked her husband8.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
4.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。
一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等
二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式
四去：去掉please
例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away."
He asked her not take the book away.
5.感叹句变为间接引语
"What awful9 weather it is!" she said.
She complained10 about the awful weather.
"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.
He praised11 me that I was a bright girl.
