定语从句里由介词加which引导的定语从句的区别
2024-12-24 18:44:06 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
1. The school (that / which) he once studied in is very famous.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
2.The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting.
3.Do you still remember the day when (on which) we went to visit the museum together?
这些引导词的意思一样吗？有什么不同之处？分别代表什么？如何区分？
老师答疑
曹老师：
引导定语从句的关联词是关系代词或关系副词。它们的词义由先行词决定，没有自己的词义。关联词在意义上指代先行词，同时又要在从句充当句子成分。
1. The school (that / which) he once studied in is very famous.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
关系代词引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词school，在从句中作介词in的宾语，介词短语作从句中的地点状语。介词留在句末是非正式语体，因此that和which都可以用。介词位于从句之首是正式语体形式，that是非正式用词，因此不能用that，只能用which了。
2.The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting.
which作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行项为整个主句内容。which在从句中作定语修饰case，case是介词宾语，介词短语作从句的条件状语。
3.Do you still remember the day when (on which) we went to visit the museum together?
关系副词when或关系代词which引导限制性定语从句。先行词为the day. 由于关系词必须在从句中作时间状语，因此要么用关系副词when引导从句when作从句的时间状语，要么用关系代词which加介词on，由介词短语作从句的时间状语。
定语从句关联词的选择由以下几个因素决定：
1 先行词是人还是物，是时间、地点、原因名词？
2 关系词在从句做什么成分，主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语？由此决定选关系副词还是关系代词。
3 限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句？非限制性定语从句一般不用that，不能省略关联词。
4 正式语体还是非正式语体
黎老师：
1. The school (that / which) he once studied in is very famous.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
此句中，关系代词that/which引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词school，在从句中作介词in的宾语，介词短语(in+that/which)作从句中的地点状语。注意：如果介词放在定语从句末尾，是非正式语体，关系代词用that或者which都可以，也可以省略。如果介词放在定语从句之首，是正式语体形式，关系代词不能用that，只能用which，也不能省略（在定语从句中，关系代词不能放在介词后面）。
2.The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting.
此句中，which作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句内容。which在从句中作定语修饰case，case是介词宾语，介词短语 in which case作条件状语。
3.Do you still remember the day when (on which) we went to visit the museum together?
此句中，关系副词when或关系代词which引导限制性定语从句。先行词为the day。 由于定语从句中缺少时间状语，因此要么用关系副词when引导从句，when作从句的时间状语，要么用关系代词which加介词on，由介词短语on which作从句的时间状语。
【参考】在非正式文体中，表示时间的普通名词后面的when常常由that来替代或省略。例如：I'll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远不会忘记我们见面的那一天。（摘自《牛津英语用法指南》第三版498.6节）所以，Do you still remember the day when (on which) we went to visit the museum together? 也可以改为：Do you still remember the day that we went to visit the museum together?或者Do you still remember the day we went to visit the museum together?
