1994年高考单项填空题中 especially as 的用法
2024-11-14 14:09:59 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ________ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that
C. during D. if
本题答案是 as。请问这个 as 是什么意思？是“当……的时候”吗？
我的疑问是：句子的前半部分说的应该是一个特定的事件（Mother was worried because little Alice was ill=妈妈很担忧，因为小爱丽丝生病了），而句子的半部分中的 as 如果翻译成“当……的时候”，好像是一个非特定的事件（especially as Father was away in France=尤其是当爸爸远在法国的时候）。
老师答疑
陈老师：
▲以下仅为个人观点
我个人觉得，在没有上下文的情况下，这个句子从另一个角度来理解可能更合适，即把这个 as 理解为表原因的连词：
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as Father was away in
本句的逻辑应该是：
小爱丽丝生病（原因）→导致妈妈担心（结果）
爸爸远在法国（原因）→更加导致妈妈担心（结果）
即“妈妈担心”有两个原因：一是小爱丽丝生病（较普通的原因）；二是爸爸远在法国（较特别的原因）。句中使用 especially as Father was away in France 是为了列举一个典型或特别的例子加以强调。类似的例子又如：
He did not want to upset his father, especially as his mother was so ill. 他不想去烦父亲，尤其是因为当时母亲病得很重。（麦克米伦）
There’s never a dull moment in our house, especially as there are ten of us living here. 我们的房子里从都不会有片刻枯燥无聊的，尤其是因为这里住着我们十个人。（朗文）
其实，用 especially 或 particularly 置于表示原因的 because, as, since 从属连词前是英语中很常见的表达。
▲一点补充说明
要特别提醒一下的是，并不是说 especially as…不能引导时间状语从句而只能引导原因状语从句，到底是引导何种从句，完全取决于具体的语境。比如下面一句，especially as 引导的从句宜理解为时间状语从句：
Many women, especially as they get older, develop lumpy veins in their legs. 许多妇女，尤其是年纪大了以后，腿上会现出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。
以上为个人看法，仅供参考！同时欢迎更多老师参与讨论！
陈老师：
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ________ Father was away in
【参考译文】妈妈很担心，因为小爱丽丝生病了，尤其是他爸爸远在法国.
妈妈很担心有2个原因，1爱丽丝生病，2 尤其是爸爸不在身边而在遥远的法国。第2个原因突出一种雪上加霜的更加不好状态/局势。
A. as B. that
C. during D. if
本题答案是 as。请问这个 as 是什么意思？是“当……的时候”吗？
我的疑问是：句子的前半部分说的应该是一个特定的事件（Mother was worried because little Alice was ill=妈妈很担忧，因为小爱丽丝生病了），而句子的半部分中的 as 如果翻译成“当……的时候”，好像是一个非特定的事件（especially as Father was away in France=尤其是当爸爸远在法国的时候）。
回答如下：
答案A为正确答案：因为，此空需要填一个连词，引导时间状语从句，答案为A,as=when=during the time when=while引导时间状语从句，当...的时候 这里，as引导时间状语，表示与前面句子谓语动词所表示动作同时发生.
爸爸远在法国与爱丽丝生病同时发生，也是妈妈担忧原因.
(1)Another policeman has been injured as fighting continued this morning...
今早又有一名警员在冲突中受伤。
(2)All the jury's eyes were on him as he continued.
在他继续陈述的时候，全体陪审员的目光都集中在他身上。
张老师：
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ Father was away in France.
A．as B．that C．during D．if
【参考译文】
妈妈很是担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，尤其是此时她爸爸远在法国。
【参考解析】
这里的as应该理解为时间状语从句，as = while = during the time when,
这个时间状语从句提供一个上文事件发生的时间背景，在这个时间跨度之中发生了某件事。
主从句都是在陈述某种确定性的事实情况，不存在搭配的问题。
【经典例句】
Another policeman has been injured as fighting continued this morning...今早又有一名警员在冲突中受伤。《柯林斯高阶》
When ／While ／As she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter．当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
刘老师：
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ________ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that
C. during D. if
我认为：这个句子不要再填表示“原因”的连词；最好填一个表示时间的连词，这个时间连词最好是when或while，而不是as。
【理由如下】
1. as 可以表示“时间”，但它表示的时间一般指两件事情同时发生或伴随发生。而且，as时间从句中，谓语动词一般表示动作性，很少状态性。例如：
She wept as she spoke. 她边说边哭。
Another policeman has been injured as fighting continued this morning. 今早又有一名警员在冲突中受伤。
2. as 还可以表示“原因”。此时，从句的谓语动词往往表示“状态”，而非“动作”。例如：
As he was not well, I decided to go without him. 因为他身体不好，我决定独自去了。
As I had plenty of money I was able to help her. 因我的钱宽裕，我能帮助她。
3. 显而易见的是，_____ Father was away in France. 表示状态。如果用了as，多半表示“原因”，而非“时间”。如果让它成为时间状语的话，最好使用when或while。
4. 这个句子的空格处，不要再填表原因的连词，因为前面已经有了because。从逻辑上讲，两个原因并用一起显得重复，填时间连词更合乎情理。
5. 句子原意应该是：“妈妈很担心，因为小爱丽丝生病了，尤其当爸爸还远在法国之时。” 英文：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially when Father was away in France.
as 既可以表示原因，又可以表示时间。当语境无法判断属于哪种意思时，可以从“状态谓语”还是“动作谓语”来判断：
【as表原因的例句】
As he was still hungry, he gobbled up a second sandwich. 因为还饿，他又狼吞虎咽地吃了第二块三明治。
I didn't mean to take a taxi but I had to, as I was late. 我虽然不想坐计程车，但因为太迟了所以非坐不可。
As he was the first transgressor, he saw no hopes of pardon. 由于他是第一个犯法者，他看不到被豁免的希望。
As he was hard up he had to take this job. 由于手头儿紧，他不得不接受这份工作。
As he was always cheerful he had the nickname Smiler. 他因为总是快快乐乐的，所以得了个外号叫乐乐。
He did not want to upset his father, especially as his mother was so ill. 他不想去烦父亲，尤其是因为母亲病得很重。
There’s never a dull moment in our house, especially as there are ten of us living here. 我们的房子里从都不会有片刻枯燥无聊的，尤其是因为这里住着我们十个人。
【as表时间的例句】
He was cheered as he got on the rostrum. 他走上主席台时受到群众的欢呼。
Many women, especially as they get older, develop lumpy veins in their legs. 许多妇女，尤其是年纪大了以后，腿上会现出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。
The police picked him up as he was trying to leave the country. 他正要离开该国时，警方把他捉住了。
He butted his head against the shelf as he was getting up. 他起来时一头撞在搁架上了。
I caught him just as he was leaving his office. 他正要离开办公室时我碰上了他。
The rear tyre blew out as he was driving to work. 他开车上班时后胎爆裂。
He pointed at the map as he was speaking. 他讲话时指点着地图。
He was measuring me with his eye as he spoke. 他一边讲话，一边打量着我。
As I was waiting for a bus a brick fell on my head. 当我在等公共汽车时，一块砖头落到了我的头上。
