with sth to do中的不定式是定语还是宾补
2024-12-06 09:28:09 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
不定式什么情况是定语，什么情况是宾语补足语？比如：
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, I have to stay here for another week.
这里的不定式是定语还是宾语补足语？我觉得二者都有道理，谢谢！
老师答疑
曹老师：
宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如果不定式作宾补而用to do的形式，宾语与宾补之间必须是主动的主谓关系。如果宾语与宾补是被动关系，则应当用不定式的被动形式。例如：I asked him to help me. He wanted the letter (to be) retyped.
不定式作定语则不然，被修饰名词和不定式之间可以是主谓关系、动宾关系、动状关系、同位关系等。如：
He is the man to help you. (主谓关系）
This is the book (for you) to read. (动宾关系）
This is the right way to do it. (动状关系）
He doesn't have the ability to do the job. (形容词able被不定式修饰，其名词形式ablility仍被不定式修饰。）
The plan to build a new bridge had to be postponed. (同位关系）。
由此可知，在with a lot of difficult problems to settle这个结构中，名词 problem 和不定式是被动关系却没有用被动不定式，因而是定语而不是宾语补足语。
With lots of guests to come, they had to ask their firend to help to prepare the food. 这个 with 结构中的不定式才可能看作宾补或定语，取决于个人观点。都能讲得通。
W老师：
你的怀疑是有道理的，就这个句子而言，把不定式看作宾语补语或定语都可以。
但在其他情况下，with复合结构中的宾语补语不宜分析为定语。如：
She sleeps with the light on. 她爱开着灯睡觉。
I was dancing with both children in my arms. 我抱着两个孩子跳舞。
He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他头枕着手臂睡着了。
It’s not polite to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴食物时讲话是不礼貌的。
陈老师：
with 的复合结构或者独立主格结构后面不是作定语而是作宾补成分。
with +名词+(不定式to do/副词/形容词/过去分词/过去分词/介词短语）
(1) 不定式
With a lot of work to do, Tom can't go out to play.
I can't go out with some clothes to wash.
I had to go to bed with nothing to do.
With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.
(2) 副词
Don't leave the room with lights on.
With the meal over, we all went home.
His mother sat in an armchair with her head down.
(3)形容词
He left the house with the windows open.
She came into the room, with her nose red.
She lay in bed with her face pale.
(4)过去分词
He is used to sleeping with the window closed.
He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.
With everything done, she went home.
With his key lost, the couldn't get into the office.
(5)现在分词
They start working with the machine running.
She fell asleep with the light burning.
With the machine helping us, we could finish the work on time
With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.
(6)介词短语
The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.
The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.
特备备注：以上都属于宾补结构。
(7)名词
He died with his daughter yet a school girl.
