If虚拟语气条件句分析（涉及were to表示的时间问题）
2024-12-23 19:38:24 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
If you were to have asked me, I would have been only too willing to help.
If you were to have explained your problem to me, I would have been able to help you.
两个if分句中的动词形式是虚拟语气吗？为什么were to 不表示将来，而表示过去？有什么原因吗？谢谢老师的回答。
老师答疑
陈老师：
(1）If you were to have asked me, I would have been only too willing to help.
=If you had asked me, I would have been only too willing to help.
参考译文：如果你当时问我了，我会非常乐意帮助你。
(2)If you were to have explained your problem to me, I would have been able to help you.
=If you had explained your problem to me, I would have been able to help you.
参考译文：如果你当时把你的问题想我解释了，我也就能帮助你了。
(1)虚拟条件句基本形式表达结构（对过去事件虚拟和假设）
if sb had done sth,sb could/might/would have done
(2)虚拟条件句变体形式表达结构（对过去事件虚拟和假设）
if sb be to have done, sb could/might/would have done
第2种属于第1种变体形式
If we had caught the 10 train,we would have got there by lunch-time.
If we were to have caught the 10 train, we would have got there by lunch-time.
特别备注以下2点
(1)were to +动词原形，对将来的虚拟和假设
(2)were to have done ,是对过去的虚拟和假设（相当于是had done 的一种变体形式结构表达。）
曹老师：
同意陈老师的分析。不定式的完成体将将时间从将来改到了过去。这种用法虽然一般语法书没有介绍，但从动词形式来看，were to have done=had done.
